干旱对冬小麦光合产物积累和分配的影响

doi:103969/jissn1000-6362201403002

中国农业气象 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (03): 243-249.doi: 103969/jissn1000-6362201403002

干旱对冬小麦光合产物积累和分配的影响

胡程达,杨光仙,成林

中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室/河南省气象科学研究所，郑州 450003

收稿日期:2013-11-21 出版日期:2014-06-20 发布日期:2015-02-11
作者简介:胡程达（1982-）,河南开封人，硕士，工程师，主要从事农业气象与气候变化研究。 Email：huchengda62@163.com
基金资助:
中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室科学研究基金（AMF201103）；“十二五“科技支撑计划（2012BAD20B04）；行业专项（GYHY201006027）

Effects of Drought on Distribution and Accumulation of Photosynthetic matter in Winter Wheat

HU Cheng da,YANG Guang xian,CHENG Lin

Henan Key Laboratory of Agro meteorological Support and Applied Technique, CMA/Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450003，China

Received:2013-11-21 Online:2014-06-20 Published:2015-02-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2011-2013年，在大田利用人工防雨棚开展了不同干旱水平下的冬小麦种植试验，设置土壤相对湿度分别为80%（CK）、60%(T2)和40%(T1)3个处理水平,对各处理不同生育期各器官干物质质量、可溶性糖含量和产量及其构成要素进行观测分析。结果表明，冬小麦不同器官干物质质量和可溶性糖含量因受干旱影响程度、胁迫时间以及发育期进程的不同而发生改变。与CK相比，T2处理（60%）冬小麦在受胁迫初期茎和鞘干物质质量出现不同程度的增加，扬花期及以后发育期表现为减少趋势；而叶和根干物质质量总体上在整个生育期均呈现不同程度的减少，前期减幅大后期减幅小；不同营养器官可溶性糖含量均有不同程度增加；产量构成要素主要表现为不孕小穗增加、穗粒重减小和千粒重下降。T1处理（40%）冬小麦根、茎、叶和鞘干物质质量均有大幅减少；冬小麦产量构成要素均受到明显影响（P＜0.05）。干旱条件下（T2和T1处理），冬小麦茎秆干物质转运量和转运效率较其它营养器官显著提高（P＜0.05），但与对照差异不显著。结论：干旱造成冬小麦不同器官干物资分配格局发生改变，可溶糖含量升高；促使茎秆干物质向穗部转移效率增加、对籽粒贡献率提高；导致冬小麦衰老提前和产量降低。

关键词: 冬小麦, 光合产物, 干旱处理, 可溶性糖含量, 分配格局

Abstract: The effects of drought treatments on dry matter distribution,soluble sugar content,yield and yield composition of winter wheat with 3 different relative soil moistures(80%,CK;60%,T2;40%,T1)were investigated by using large moving waterproof canopy to keep out of precipitation under field conditions in 2011-2013The results showed that dry matter accumulation in different organs and soluble sugar content varied along with the intensity and duration of drought treatments and wheat development stage Stem and sheath dry weight of T2 increased at early drought stage,and decreased from flowering stage Dry weight of leaf and root was lower than that of CK at whole drought treatments stage with the difference became smaller along wheat development, soluble sugar content in different organs was higher than that of CK Yield composition under drought stress showed higher infertility spikelet rate,lower spike and 1000 kernel weight Comparing with CK,dry weight of root,stem,leaf and sheath was decreased and yield composition of T1 was influenced significantly Dry matters in stem translocation amount and transportation rate were a little higher than other vegetative organs under drought treatments In conclusion,dry matter distribution pattern changed with drought treatments, soluble sugar content increased,dry matter transfer efficiency and the contribution rate from stem to the spike increased,which resulted in winter wheat aging early and yields decrease

Key words: Winter wheat, Photosynthetic matter, Drought treatments, Soluble sugar, Distribution pattern

胡程达,杨光仙,成林. 干旱对冬小麦光合产物积累和分配的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2014, 35(03): 243-249.

HU Cheng da,YANG Guang xian,CHENG Lin. Effects of Drought on Distribution and Accumulation of Photosynthetic matter in Winter Wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2014, 35(03): 243-249.

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干旱对冬小麦光合产物积累和分配的影响

Effects of Drought on Distribution and Accumulation of Photosynthetic matter in Winter Wheat

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