中国农业气象 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05): 575-580.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.05.015

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬小麦籽粒产量及其构成要素随晚霜冻害变化规律研究

胡新,任德超,倪永静,黄建英,宋吉青,武永峰   

  1. 商丘市农林科学院小麦研究所,商丘476000;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-20 出版日期:2014-10-20 发布日期:2015-02-11
  • 作者简介:胡新(1962-),新疆阿克苏人,研究员,主要从事小麦冻害研究。Email:huxin2699552@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31101074);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-3-2-32)

Impacts of Late Frost on Grain Yield and Its Components of Winter Wheat

HU Xin, REN De chao, NI Yong jing,HUANG Jian ying, SONG Ji qing,WU Yong feng   

  1. Wheat Research Laboratory,Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu476000,China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing100081
  • Received:2014-01-20 Online:2014-10-20 Published:2015-02-11

摘要: 以国审矮抗58小麦品种为研究对象,考察其100个田间样点在2013年4月7、10和21日发生的3次自然霜冻过程中的冻害状况。依据受冻穗的长短对冻害进行分级,构建残穗指数(DEI)作为总体冻害程度评价指标,比较每百穗中不同冻害级别的籽粒产量及其构成要素之间的差异,对每百穗中籽粒产量及其构成要素随冻害级别的变化以及1m2内穗数和实际产量随残穗指数的变化趋势进行拟合,以揭示冬小麦产量及其构成要素随晚霜冻害变化的规律。结果表明,每百穗中各级冻害穗数、穗粒数和实际籽粒重均显著低于未受冻穗(P<0.01)。冻害级别越高,穗粒数和实际籽粒重越低,穗数呈先显著降低后小幅回升的变化态势,千粒重先显著增加而后降低(P<0.01)。随着冻害级别提高,每百穗中穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和实际籽粒重分别呈上开口抛物线型、线性函数型、下开口抛物线型和幂函数型降低趋势;残穗指数越大,每平方米内穗数和实际产量越低,二者分别呈幂函数型和线性函数型特点。研究结果对揭示拔节至孕穗期冬小麦霜冻害的影响机理具有指导作用。

关键词: 冬小麦, 产量构成, 冻害级别, 残穗指数, 趋势拟合

Abstract: A frost prone farmland in Shangqiu was chosen as the study area where a winter wheat cultivar Aikang 58 was planted. After natural frosts occurred in April 7,10 and 21, 2013, yield components of 100 sampling points (the interval between samples is 5m) were measured at wheat maturity. Frost injury was divided into five grades according to the proportion of the damaged part of each ear. Damaged ear index (DEI) was established as an index for evaluating the overall frost injury. Differences among the frosted grades for grain yield and its components per 100 ears were compared. To reveal the change rules of yield components with the increasing frost injuries, the trends of grain yield and its components of the different grades per 100 ears and total ear number and actual yield in 1 square meters were fitted by mathematical functions. The results showed that ear number, kernel number per ear and actual grain weight of the frosted ears were significantly lower than that of nonfrozen ears (P<0.01). With the higher grades, kernel number per ear and actual grain weight were lower, and ear numbers showed a trend to increase slightly after decrease obviously, and 1000kernel weight increased significantly and then decreased (P<0.01). In each 100 ears, ear number, kernel number per ear, 1000kernel weight and actual grain weight formed the decreasing trends with concave upward parabolic shape, linear function shape, concave downward parabolic shape and power function shape, respectively. With the higher DEI, total ear number and actual yield in 1 square meters was lower and formed the decreasing trends with power function shape and linear function shape, respectively. The results were helpful to reveal the influence mechanism of late frost injury at the jointing stage to booting stage of winter wheat.

Key words: Winter wheat, Yield components, Frost injury grade, Damaged ear index, Trend fitting