应用Penman Monteith模型估算稻田蒸散的误差分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对PenmanMonteith模型（PM模型）进行微分处理，从理论上分析了土壤热通量、储热项、表面层阻力和空气动力学阻力对PM模型模拟稻田蒸散的误差贡献；在此基础上提出储热项修正和稳定度修正建议，并对水稻4个生育期修正后的PM模拟结果与原始模型模拟结果进行比较。分析表明：按照一般量级关系，净辐射、土壤热通量、储热项、表面层阻力、空气动力学阻力误差分别为5%、10%、100%、20%和20%时，对蒸散误差的贡献率分别为26.8%、5.36%、53.6%、11.11%、3.17%。在水稻移栽拔节、拔节抽穗、抽穗灌浆、成熟4个生育期，10cm土层的储热量均大于田间水层的储热量，且土层和水层储热量均随生育期推进而降低。水层储热在前两个生育期对蒸散的影响比后两个生育期大，与原始模拟值相比，前两个生育期仅考虑土壤储热修正后7：00-14：00蒸散降低幅度为0.04～0.073、0.02～0.11mm·h-1，仅考虑水层储热修正后蒸散降低幅度为0.006～0.038、0.003～0.015mm·h-1；仅考虑空气动力学阻力修正后4个生育期的蒸散值平均降低了0.00064、0.0134、0.0055、0.0024mm·h-1。

关键词: 稻田蒸散, Penman Monteith模型, 储热项, 阻力, 大气稳定度

Abstract: Based on the features of the paddy rice field environment and PenmanMonteith model，the error contribution of soil heat flux，storage heat term，surface resistance and aerodynamic resistance to the estimation of evapotranspiration were analyzed theoretically by differential error method.Then the modified PenmanMonteith model was obtained with considering soil and water heat storage，atmospheric stability correction，and its simulated values were compared with those of the original model.The results showed that in accuracy of 5% net radiation，10% soil heat flux，100% heat storage，20% surface resistance and 20% aerodynamic resistance led to 26.8%，5.36%，53.6 %，11.11% and 3.17% the error of evapotranspiration estimation according to normal ordering relationships，respectively.Heat storage of 10cm depth soil layer and water layer of paddy rice field decreased with the development of 4 growing stages including transplantingjointing stage，jointingtasseling stage，tasselingfilling stage and maturing stage.The effects of heat storage of water layer on the estimation of evapotranspiratin in the former 2 stages were greater than that of latter 2 stages.Compared with the values simulated by original model，the evapotranspiration simulated values improved 0.04-0.073，0.02-0.11mm·h-1 only with soil heat storage correction and 0.006-0.038，0.003-0.015mm·h-1 only with water heat storage correction during 7 ：00-14：00.Only through aerodynamic resistance correction，the simulating error decreased 0.00064，0.0134，0.0055，0.0024mm·h-1 on average during 4 growing stages.The results could provide scientific reference so as to improve the accuracy of simulating paddy field evapotranspiration．

Key words: Paddy rice field evapotranspiration, Penman Monteith model, Heat storage, Resistance, Atmospheric stability

刘斌，胡继超，赵秀兰，张雪松，张富存. 应用Penman Monteith模型估算稻田蒸散的误差分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(01): 24-32.

LIU Bin，HU Ji chao，ZHAO Xiu lan，ZHANG Xue song，ZHANG Fu cun. Error Analysis on Evapotranspiration Estimation of Paddy Rice Field by Penman Monteith Model[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(01): 24-32.

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