中国农业气象 ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (01): 50-56.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.01.007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕西富士系苹果花期霜冻灾害气象指标的修订

王景红,刘璐,高峰,柏秦凤,郭梁   

  1. 1陕西省经济作物气象服务台,西安710014; 2西北农林科技大学,杨凌712100
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-30 出版日期:2015-02-20 发布日期:2015-05-21
  • 作者简介:王景红(1968-),女,陕西安康人,高级工程师,从事果业气象灾害风险研究与管理。Email:wangjh0406@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业(气象)科研专项“中国北方果树霜冻灾害防御关键技术研究”(GYHY20120602)

Revision on Meteorological Indices of Florescence Frost Disaster for Fuji Apple in Shaanxi Province

WANG Jing hong,LIU Lu,GAO Feng,BAI Qin feng,GUO Liang   

  1. 1Shaanxi Meteorological Service Observatory for Economical Crop,Xi'an710014,China;2Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling712100
  • Received:2014-06-30 Online:2015-02-20 Published:2015-05-21

摘要: 将8~10a树龄的陕西富士系苹果树的花枝放入人工霜箱内,以子房受冻为观测标准,在10~-5℃的温度区间对样本进行降温处理,得到花朵子房组织温度随时间的变化曲线,由温度曲线确定其过冷却点和结冰点;在此基础上,利用人工气候箱模拟7组不同低温条件和持续时间,观测苹果花的受冻率,确定苹果花期霜冻指标;通过对历史实际灾情的调查,得到果树自身修复影响因子,获得新的苹果花期霜冻指标。结果表明,陕西富士系苹果花的过冷却点为-2.5~-4.0℃;苹果花受冻既与低温强度有关,也与低温持续时间密切相关,温度越低或持续时间越长,受冻率越高;研究区实际调查结果显示,花朵受冻后可部分恢复坐果,果树的这种自身修复可使花朵受冻率减少约18个百分点,据此建立了新的陕西富士系苹果花期霜冻灾害气象指标;经比较,新指标对霜冻灾情的吻合率大于原指标,且霜冻级别越高吻合程度越高。

关键词: 花期, 受冻, 低温, 持续时间, 过冷却点

Abstract: Taking flowering branches from 8-10 years old Fuji apple tree in Shaanxi province as materials,making the ovary freezing with artificial climate box,the sample branches were frozen in the temperature range of-5℃ to 10℃,and the changing curves of temperature to ovary tissue freezing and time were obtained,on which determined super cooling point and the freezing point. 7 groups freezing rates of Fuji apple flowers were found with different low temperature and duration tests in artificial climate box,taking the low temperature as reference,on which determined the preliminary apple florescence freezing indices.These indices were revised by the self repair effect factor,which was found in historical disaster survey,and then the new apple florescence freezing indices was established.The results showed that the super cooling point of Fuji apple flower was-2.5℃ to-4.0℃,the apple florescence freezing rate was related with low temperature intensity and its duration,and the lower temperature or the longer duration,the higher frost rate.Besides,some frozen flowers cloud bear fruit in the future,and this self repair ability cloud reduce 18 percent preliminary freezing rate.Based on these results,the new weather indices of Fuji apple florescence freezing disaster were established. By comparison,the new indices were more consistent than the original indices,and the higher frost level,the higher agreement degree.

Key words: Florescence, Freezing, Low temperature, Duration, Super cooling point