冬小麦节水高产的土壤水分阈值及其动态

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015. 05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确影响作物产量的土壤水分阈值，对作物水分亏缺诊断及非充分灌溉实施具有重要意义。本文通过设置不同灌水次数形成土壤供水差异，在河北省衡水试验站开展2011/2012年度冬小麦田间试验，探讨冬小麦产量与7个生育期不同深度土层的土壤水分之间的关系，分析影响冬小麦产量的土壤水分阈值及其动态。结果表明，6个亏水处理与充分供水对照在土壤浅层的水分差异最大，且差异随着土层深度的增加而减小，在0.4、0.8、1.2m土层深度的差异分别为19.7%～36.5%、9.3%～21.7%和2.9%～9.7%。6个亏水处理与对照之间不同土层土壤水分的变异程度随着土层深度增加而减小。不同生育期、不同深度土壤水分含量与小麦籽粒产量之间为二项式函数关系，且呈开口向下的抛物线形式，其显著程度随生育期推进及土层深度而变化。其中0.4m土层深度水分含量与产量关系最密切。影响小麦产量的土壤水分阈值随着生育期推进总体呈下降趋势。自拔节孕穗期至乳熟期，0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2以及1.6m土层深度的水分阈值由田持的83.1%～95%降至72.3%～90.0%。依据对照与亏水处理之间的土壤水分动态差异、全生育期平均土壤水分差异、不同土层土壤水分变异程度、土壤水分与小麦产量动态关系显著性程度4个方面的分析，提出0.4m为适宜的水分亏缺诊断深度，相应地拔节孕穗、抽穗、开花、灌浆初期、灌浆中期、灌浆后期、乳熟期的土壤水分阈值分别为95.0%、98.4%、79.9%、73.7%、88.6%、79.6%和75.7%.

关键词: 冬小麦, 土壤水分阈值, 阈值动态, 水分亏缺诊断, 水分产量关系

Abstract: It is important to determine soil water threshold affecting crop yield for diagnosis of crop water stress and practice of deficit irrigation. To achieve this, field experiment of winter wheat with seven treatments, irrigated at different growth stages and supplied with varying irrigation amount to maintain their variation in soil water, was conducted in 2011/2012 at a site in Hengshui, Hebei Province. Relations between yield and soil water of different depth at seven growth stages were examined. Soil water threshold based on yield was explored and its dynamics was revealed. Results showed that the largest difference in soil water between the six deficient treatments and the well watered control occurred at shallow soil depth, and it decreased with deepening of soil layer. The difference was respectively 19.7%-36.5%, 9.3%-21.7% and 2.9%-9.7% at the soil layer of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2m. In addition, variability of soil water decreased as soil depth increases. Relationship between grain yield of winter wheat and soil water of different depth at varying growth stages was parabolic functions of downward opening, but correlation significance changed with both growth stage and soil depth, being most significant for soil layer of 0. 4m. Soil water threshold based on yield diminished with progression of growth stages, from 83.1%-95% to 72.3%-90.0% of the field water capacity from jointing-booting to milk maturing at soil depth of 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.6m. We recommended 0.4m being the most appropriate soil depth for detecting water deficit based on analysis in four aspects: difference in soil water dynamic and its average over the whole growing season between treatments, soil water variability at different soil depth, significance of the relations between soil water and yield at different growth stage. The corresponding water threshold at jointing-booting, heading, flowering, beginning-, middle -, later of grain filling and milk maturing was respectively 95.0%, 98.4%, 79.9%, 73.7%, 88.6%, 79.6% and 75.7%.

Key words: Winter wheat, Soil water threshold, Threshold dynamic, Detection of soil water deficit, Water and yield relation

赵叶萌，李玉中，刘晓英，钟秀丽，曹金峰. 冬小麦节水高产的土壤水分阈值及其动态[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(05): 536-543.

ZHAO Ye-meng, LI Yu-zhong, LIU Xiao-ying, ZHONG Xiu-li, CAO Jin-feng. Soil Water Threshold and its Dynamics of Winter Wheat Aiming Water-saving and High Yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(05): 536-543.

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