生物炭和秸秆对华北农田表层土壤矿质氮和pH值的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2014-2015年华北农田定位试验，设CK（单施氮磷钾肥）、C1（生物炭4.5t×hm^-2×a^-1+氮磷钾肥）、C2（生物炭9.0t×hm^-2×a^-1+氮磷钾肥）和SR（秸秆还田+氮磷钾肥）4个处理，对施用生物炭和秸秆还田对表层土壤矿质氮（NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N）含量以及土壤pH值的影响进行研究。结果表明，不同处理土壤矿质氮的动态变化趋势基本一致，施用生物炭和秸秆还田均可显著提高土壤NO₃^--N含量（P<0.05），但对土壤NH₄⁺-N含量影响不大。与秸秆还田相比，高量施用生物炭有利于增加土壤NO₃^--N含量。各处理土壤中矿质氮主要以NO₃^--N为主，NH₄⁺-N含量均保持在一个较低水平。将冬小麦整个生育期内各处理土壤NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N含量与夏玉米的相比，前者显著高于后者。在整个冬小麦-玉米轮作周期内，高量施用生物炭显著提高了土壤pH值，且各处理土壤NO₃^--N与土壤pH值呈显著负相关（P<0.05），土壤NH₄⁺-N含量与土壤pH值相关性不显著；而各处理土壤NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N含量与土壤含水量均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。可见，添加生物炭对减少氮素的转化和流失具有较大潜力。

关键词: 生物炭, 秸秆还田, 矿化, 硝化, pH

Abstract:

Based on the location experiment, which consisted of four treatments (CK, C1, C2, SR) with three replications: CK (single NPK fertilizer), C1 (biochar 4.5t·ha^-1·y^-1+NPK fertilizer) and C2 (biochar 9.0t·ha^-1·y^-1 + NPK fertilizer) and SR (straw return + NPK fertilizer). The effects of biochar and straw return on mineral nitrogen (N) and pH of the surface soil in farmland of the North China Plain in 2014 and 2015 were studied. Results showed that the dynamic trend of soil mineral N content (NO₃--N, NH4⁺-N) were similar. Application of biochar and straw return significantly increased soil NO₃--N (P<0.05). However, there were no significant effects on soil NH4⁺-N. Compared with SR treatment, C2 treatment was more helpful to increase soil NO₃--N. The mineral N in the soil was dominated by NO₃--N, and NH4⁺-N was kept at a low level. The contents of soil mineral N in the whole growth period of winter wheat was higher than in that of summer maize. Biochar significantly increased soil pH(P<0.05), and soil NO3--N was negatively correlated with soil pH(P<0.05), and soil NH4⁺-N was not correlated with soil pH. But soil NO₃--N and NH4⁺-N were positively correlated with soil moisture content in each treatment(P<0.05). In short, adding biochar had greater potential in slowing N transformation, reducing N mobility and so on. The results can be used a scientific reference on improving soil quality and reducing soil N loss in farmland.

Key words: Biochar, Straw return, Mineralization, Nitrification, pH

张星，刘杏认，林国林，张晴雯，张庆忠，王琴. 生物炭和秸秆对华北农田表层土壤矿质氮和pH值的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(02): 131-142.

ZHANG Xing, LIU Xing-ren, LIN Guo-lin, ZHANG Qing-wen, ZHANG Qing-zhong,WANG Qin. Effects of Biochar and Straw Return on Mineral Nitrogen and pH of the Surface Soil in Farmland of the North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(02): 131-142.

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