基于双作物系数的旱作玉米田蒸散估算与验证

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农田蒸散（ET）准确估算与区分对理解土壤-植物-大气连续系统水分传输动力学过程和调控机制具有重要意义。本研究基于FAO-56 Penman-Monteith（PM）模型计算参考作物蒸散量（ET0），运用双作物系数法计算黄土高原东部地区旱作玉米田2011-2012年蒸散（ETFAO），以同期涡度相关系统实测值（ETEC）作为标准值对双作物系数法计算结果进行评价，并将玉米田ET区分为土壤蒸发和作物蒸腾。结果表明：2011年春玉米生长季ET0、ETEC和ETFAO分别为628、400.3和492.7mm，双作物系数法RMSE、AAE和R2分别为0.864mm·d-1、0.678mm·d-1和0.755，且R2达极显著水平（P＜0.01）；2012年三者分别为553、372.6和441.4mm，RMSE、AAE和R2分别为0.676mm·d-1、0.693mm·d-1和0.781，R2亦达极显著水平（P＜0.01），说明双作物系数法在该地区模拟旱作春玉米ET有较高的精度。基于双作物系数法对ET进行区分表明，2011年全生育期土壤蒸发和作物蒸腾分别占ET的36.4%和63.6%；2012年分别占ET的31.7%和68.3%，说明旱作春玉米田ET主要来自春玉米蒸腾。

关键词: 玉米, 双作物系数法, 蒸散, 涡度相关系统

Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is the only term which appears in both land surface energy balance equation and water balance equation, accurate estimation of ET is challenging but of impotance for assessing biomass production, allocation of water resources, and improving crop water ues efficiency in rainfed agricultural ecosystem. This paper invested the applicability of FAO dual crop coefficient approach in estimating ET and its components (plant transpiration and soil evaporation) of rainfed maize in semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau. Continuous measurements of ET with eddy covariance system in 2011 and 2012 were used to validate the performances of FAO dual crop coefficient approach. The results indicated that reference evapotranspiration were 628mm in 2011 and 553mm in 2012. The FAO dual crop coefficient approach was acceptable in estimating ET compared to eddy covariance measurements, with RMSE, AAE and R2 of 0.864mm·d-1, 0.678mm·d-1 and 0.755 (P＜0.01) in 2011, 0.676mm·d-1, 0.693mm·d-1 and 0.781 (P＜0.01) in 2012, and the measured and estimated ET values were 400.3 and 492.7mm in 2011, 372.6 and 441.4mm in 2012, which confirmed the good performances of FAO dual crop coefficient for estimating ET. Soil evaporation and maize transpiration accounted for 36.4% and 63.6% of total ET in 2011, 31.7% and 68.3% in 2012, respectively, indicating that maize transpiration was the main component of ET.

Key words: Maize, Dual crop coefficient approach, Evapotranspiration, Eddy covariance system

冯禹，龚道枝，王罕博，郝卫平，梅旭荣，崔宁博. 基于双作物系数的旱作玉米田蒸散估算与验证[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(03): 141-149.

FENG Yu, GONG Dao-zhi, WANG Han-bo, HAO Wei-ping, MEI Xu-rong, CUI Ning-bo. Estimating Rainfed Maize Evapotranspiration Using the FAO Dual Crop Coefficient Method on the Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(03): 141-149.

参考文献

[1]Xu C Y,Singh V P.Evaluation of three complementary relationship evapotranspiration models by water balance approach to estimate actual regional evapotranspiration in different climatic regions[J].Journal of Hydrology, 2005, 308:105-121. [2]Feng Y,Cui N B,Zhao L,et al.Comparison of ELM, GANN, WNN and empirical models for estimating reference evapotranspiration in humid region of Southwest China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2016,536:376-383. [3]郭春明,任景全,张铁林,等.东北地区春玉米生长季农田蒸散量动态变化及其影响因子[J].中国农业气象, 2016, 37(4): 400-407. Guo C M,Ren J Q,Zhang T L,et al.Dynamic change of eEvapotranspiration and influenced factors in the spring maize field in northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016,37(4):400-407.(in Chinese) [4]Ding R S,Kang S Z,Zhang Y Q,et al.Partitioning evapotranspiration into soil evaporation and transpiration using a modi?ed dual crop coef?cient model in irrigated maize ?eld with ground-mulching[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,127:85-96. [5]Rana G,Katerji N.Measurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the ?eld under Mediterranean climate: a review[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2000,13:125-153. [6]Zhang B Z,Liu Y,Xu D,et al.The dual crop coef?cient approach to estimate and partitioning evapotranspiration of the winter wheat–summer maize crop sequence in North China Plain[J].Irrigation Science,2013,31:1303-1316. [7]Li S E,Kang S Z,Li F S,et al.Evapotranspiration and crop coef?cient of spring maize with plastic mulch using eddy covariance in northwest China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95:1214-1222. [8]张宝忠,许迪,刘钰,等.多尺度蒸散发估测与时空尺度拓展方法研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):8-16. Zhang B Z,Xu D,Liu Y,et al.Review of multi-scale evapotranspiration estimation and spatio-temporal scale expansion[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(6):8-16.(in Chinese) [9]赵丽雯,吉喜斌.基于FAO-56双作物系数法估算农田作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发研究:以西北干旱区黑河流域中游绿洲农田为例[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(19):4016-4026. Zhao L W,Ji X B.Quantification of transpiration and evaporation over agricultural field using the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach:a case study of the maize field in an oasis in the middlestream of the Heihe River basin in Northwest China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(19):4016-4026. (in Chinese) [10]米娜,陈鹏狮,张玉书.几种蒸散模型在玉米农田蒸散量计算中的应用比较[J].资源科学,2009,31(9):1599-1606. Mi N,Chen P S,Zhang Y S,et al.A comparative study on estimation models for field evapotranspiration[J].Resources Science,2009,31(9):1599-1606.(in Chinese) [11]王罕博,龚道枝,梅旭荣,等.覆膜和露地旱作春玉米生长与蒸散动态比较[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):88-94. Wang H B,Gong D Z,Mei X R,et al.Dynamics comparison of rain-fed spring maize growth and evapotranspiration in plastic mulching and un-mulching fields[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(22):88-94.(in Chinese) [12]Gong D Z,Mei X R,Hao W P,et al.Comparison of multi-level water use efficiency between plastic film partially mulched and non-mulched croplands at eastern Loess Plateau of China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,179:215-226. [13]Leuning R.Measurements of trace gas fluxes in the atmosphere using eddy covariance:WPL corrections revisited.In:Handbook of micrometeorology[J].Kluwer Academic Publ. Dordrecht,2004:119-132. [14]Massman W J.A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,10(4):185-198. [15]冯禹,崔宁博,魏新平,等.川中丘陵区参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征与成因分析[J].农业工程学报,2014, 30(14): 78-86. Feng Y,Cui N N,Wei X P,et al.Temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and causes analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration in hilly area of central Sichuan[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(14):78-86.(in Chinese) [16]冯禹,崔宁博,龚道枝.机器学习算法和Hargreaves模型在四川盆地ET0计算中的比较[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(4): 415-421. Feng Y,Cui N B,Gong D Z,et al.Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms and Hargreaves Model for reference evapotranspiration estimation in Sichuan basin[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(4):415-421.(in Chinese) [17]Allen R G,Pereiral L S,Raes D,et al.Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements[M]. Rome: FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56,1998. [18]冯禹,崔宁博,龚道枝,等.基于极限学习机的参考作物蒸散量预测模型[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):153-160. Feng Y,Cui N B,Gong D Z,et al.Prediction model of reference crop evapotranspiration based on extreme learning machine[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015, 31(Supp.1): 153-160.(in Chinese) [19]Feng Y,Gong D Z,Mei X R,et al.Estimation of maize evapotranspiration using extreme learning machine and generalized regression neural network on the China Loess Plateau[J].Hydrology Research,2016.doi:10.2166/nh.2016.099. [20]Gong D Z,Hao W P,Mei X R,et al.Warmer and wetter soil stimulates assimilation more than respiration in rainfed agricultural ecosystem on the China Loess Plateau:the role of partial plastic film mulching tillage[J].Plos One,2015, 10(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136578. [21]Zhao W Z,Liu B,Zhang Z H.Water requirements of maize in the middle Heihe River basin,China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97:215-223. [22]丁日升.干旱内陆区玉米田水热传输机理与蒸散发模型研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2012. Ding R S.Mechanism of water and heat transfer and evapotranspiration modeling over maize field in an arid inland region[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2012. (in Chinese) [23]Kool D,Agam N,Lazarovitch N,et al.A review of approaches for evapotranspiration partitioning[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2014,184:56-70. [24]Newman B D,Wilcox B P,Archer S R,et al.Ecohydrology of water-limited environments:a scienti?c vision[J].Water Resources Research,2006,42.doi:10.1029/2005WR004141. [25]石俊杰,龚道枝,梅旭荣,等.稳定同位素法和涡度-微型蒸渗仪区分玉米田蒸散组分的比较[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(20):114-120. Shi J J,Gong D Z,Mei X R,et al.Comparison of partitioning evapotranspiration composition in maize field using stable isotope and eddy covariance-microlysimeter methods[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(20):114-120.(in Chinese) [26]张彦群,王建东,龚时宏,等.滴灌条件下冬小麦田间土壤蒸发的测定和模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):91-98. Zhang Y Q,Wang J D,Gong S H,et al.Measuring and modeling of soil evaporation for winter wheat with drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(7):91-98.(in Chinese) [27]张晓.感热平衡原理测定土壤水分蒸发的改进及分解农田蒸散的实验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014. Zhang X.Improvement to sensible heat balance theory for determining soil water evaporation and partitioning field evapotranspiration[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2014.(in Chinese)