后期倒伏对冬小麦干物质分配和产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.05.006

中国农业气象 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (05): 321-329.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.05.006

后期倒伏对冬小麦干物质分配和产量的影响

刘忠阳，陈怀亮，胡程达，郭鹏

中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室/河南省气象科学研究所，郑州 450003

收稿日期:2016-10-12 出版日期:2017-05-20 发布日期:2017-05-22
作者简介:刘忠阳（1979-），高级工程师，主要从事遥感应用研究。E-mail：butry.com@163.com
基金资助:
中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室科学研究基金（AMF201406）

Effects of Lodging at the Late Growth Stage on Dry Matter Distribution and Yield of Winter Wheat

LIU Zhong-yang, CHEN Huai-liang, HU Cheng-da, GUO Peng

Henan Key Laboratory of Agro-meteorological Support and Applied Technique, CMA/Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450003, China

Received:2016-10-12 Online:2017-05-20 Published:2017-05-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2014-2015年利用人工模拟方法开展冬小麦倒伏试验。在冬小麦抽穗期、灌浆初期和灌浆中后期3个时段均设定与竖直方向成 30o（T1）、60o（T2）、90o（T3）3种倒伏程度和自然正常生长（CK）4个处理，观测比较冬小麦各器官的干物质量和产量构成要素。结果表明，冬小麦干物质分配格局因倒伏时段和倒伏程度的不同而发生改变。与对照CK相比，抽穗期和灌浆初期冬小麦倒伏造成茎和鞘干物质迅速向穗部转移，导致其干物质累积量迅速降低，叶片干物质发生改变略有滞后，同时受到光照不足和转移速率改变的共同作用，各器官干物质量分配格局不断发生变化，茎、叶和鞘生长速率无明显变化规律；灌浆中后期倒伏造成冬小麦不同器官干物质含量均明显下降，随着生育时期推进其减幅缩小。倒伏对冬小麦产量构成要素的影响表现为，抽穗期和灌浆初期倒伏主要造成冬小麦不孕小穗增加、穗粒数和千粒重减少，进而导致产量下降；灌浆中后期倒伏主要导致冬小麦千粒重减小，而穗粒数无明显变化。各处理冬小麦产量降低表现为灌浆初期最大、抽穗期次之、灌浆中后期最小。

关键词: 冬小麦, 倒伏程度, 分配格局, 产量要素

Abstract: Winter wheat lodging experiment was conducted during 2014-2015 by artificial stimulation. Three lodging treatments of 30o(T1), 60o(T2), 90o(T3) angle with the vertical direction were applied during heading stage, the early filling stage, and the middle and late filling stage. No lodging treatment was taken as control(CK). Dry matter (DM) distribution and yield components of winter wheat were investigated. The results indicated that DM distribution was altered due to lodging extend and lodging stage. Lodging at heading stage and the early filling stage decreasedDM accumulation rate, and accelerated DM translocation to panicle from stem and sheath. Leaf DM was altered later. By the corporate effect of insufficient solar radiation and altered transition rate, DM distribution in each organ varied rapidly and the growth rate of stem, leaf and sheath had no significant variation. The lodging at middle and late filling stage led a significant decrease of DM in all organs, and the decrease extent reduced to growth stages.The lodging treatment at heading stage and early filling stage decreased grain yield mainly due to the kernel number and 1000-kernel weight reduction, while middle and late lodging treatment decreased grain yield primarily due to the 1000-kernel weight reduction with a normally kernel number. The extent of yield reduction rate due to lodging was early filling stage > heading stage > middle and late filling stage.

Key words: Winter wheat, Lodging grade, Distribution pattern, Yield components

刘忠阳，陈怀亮，胡程达，郭鹏. 后期倒伏对冬小麦干物质分配和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(05): 321-329.

LIU Zhong-yang, CHEN Huai-liang, HU Cheng-da, GUO Peng. Effects of Lodging at the Late Growth Stage on Dry Matter Distribution and Yield of Winter Wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(05): 321-329.

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后期倒伏对冬小麦干物质分配和产量的影响

Effects of Lodging at the Late Growth Stage on Dry Matter Distribution and Yield of Winter Wheat

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