苹果树根际高效解钾菌的筛选及鉴定

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.11.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明苹果树根际解钾菌的种群特征和解钾性能，从苹果树根际土壤中分离获得解钾能力较强的高效解钾菌。本研究以钾长石为唯一钾源，分离获得118株具有解钾活性的菌株，重复片段PCR基因指纹分析（Repetitive-element PCR, rep-PCR）聚为29个类群。利用火焰分光光度法测定菌株解钾能力，获得5株高效解钾菌，平均解钾活性达到41.47mg·L^-1，其中K105的解钾能力最强，有效态钾增长23.09%。采用H₂O₂消煮后测得的K⁺浓度升高，有效态钾增长最高达31.22%。采用形态特征观察、生理生化特性检测和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对高效解钾菌株进行鉴定。结果表明：K1为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter sp.）、K98、K105和K115为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）、K168为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.）。研究结果可为开辟新型高效解钾菌，为连作土壤的改良和苹果专用微生物菌肥的开发提供依据。

关键词: 解钾菌, 重复片段PCR基因指纹分析, 筛选, 鉴定

Abstract:

In order to detect the population properties and potassium-dissolving characteristics of potassium-dissolving bacteria existing in apple rhizosphere soil, the highly efficient potassium-dissolving bacterial isolates were gained from the rhizosphere soil of apple trees. 118 strains with the ability of potassium-dissolving were isolated with potassium feldspar as the sole potassium source, then the strains were clustered into 29 populations by analysis of repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) genomic DNA fingerprinting. Flame spectrophotometer was used to determine the potassium-dissolving capacity, and 5 highly efficient potassium-dissolving bacteria was obtained, whose average soluble potassium content of culture medium reached to 41.47mg·L^-1. K105 performed the highest potassium- dissolving ability, and the available potassium increased by 23.09%. The available potassium increased after being digested by H₂O₂ solution, the maximum was up to 31.22%. After identifying the isolated 5 strains of efficient potassium-dissolving bacteria by bacterial morphology, physiology and biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, 5 strains were classified into 4 bacterial genera. K1 belongs to Acinetobacter sp., K98, K105 and K115 belong to Pseudomonas sp., and K168 belongs to Bacillus sp.. It provided basis for exploration of new efficient potassium-solubilizing bacteria, contributing to improve apple replanted soil and develop microbial fertilizer special for apple trees.

Key words: Potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting, Isolation, Identification

姜霁航，彭霞薇，颜振鑫，何不为，朱昌雄，国辉，耿兵. 苹果树根际高效解钾菌的筛选及鉴定[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(11): 738-748.

JIANG Ji-hang, PENG Xia-wei, YAN Zhen-xin, HE Bu-wei, ZHU Chang-xiong, GUO Hui, GENG Bing. Isolation and Identification of Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria from Rhizosphere Soil of Apple Tree[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(11): 738-748.

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