生物炭对棕壤玉米田CO2与N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000?6362.2018.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在棕壤区玉米田开展对比试验，以当地常规施肥量为基础，以不施生物炭为对照CK，设3个生物炭施量处理，分别为C1（3000kg·hm-2）、C2（5000kg·hm-2）、C3（7000kg·hm-2），均以基肥形式一次性施入，玉米播种?成熟收获期内定期测定土壤CO2与N2O排放量，以探讨不同生物炭施量对棕壤区玉米田CO2和N2O排放的影响。结果表明：C1、C2处理的CO2排放量小于对照CK，分别比CK减少9.9%和8.0%，但差异不显著。在玉米不同生育时期，土壤CO2累积排放量表现为拔节-开花阶段最高，达到800～1200mg·m-2·h-1，苗期和成熟阶段排放最低。玉米全生育期内不同处理的CO2排放量均与土壤5cm处温度呈显著正相关关系；施用生物炭对土壤N2O排放有抑制作用，且随着生物炭添加量的增加，抑制作用加强。N2O排放与玉米氮肥施用关系密切，两个排放高峰分别出现在施入底肥和追肥之后。C1、C2、C3处理土壤N2O累积排放量分别比CK减少24.7%、35.2%、37.0%。研究表明，生物炭抑制了棕壤区土壤呼吸，从而抑制土壤CO2与N2O的排放，并与氮肥用量关系密切。随着生物炭施用量的增加，土壤对CO2排放的抑制作用减弱，而对N2O排放的抑制作用增加。总体而言，土壤中施加生物炭对抑制农田温室气体排放和固碳减排有积极作用，而生物炭的施用量需要综合考虑土壤条件和施肥量等多种因素。

关键词: 温室气体, 土壤温室气体排放, 玉米, 生物炭, 二氧化碳, 氧化亚氮, 固碳减排, 气候变化

Abstract: In order to inquire into the impacts of different biochar application on CO2 and N2O emission from maize field in the brown soil in northeast of China, the field experiment was conducted in Liaohe plain from 2016. 4 farming measures, including CK（no biochar）, C1（3000kg·ha-1 biochar）, C2（5000kg·ha?1 biochar） and C3（7000kg·ha?1 biochar）, were taken in the experiment based on local normal nitrogen fertilizer application. CO2 and N2O emission from soil during whole maize growth season, started at sowing date, was measured periodical. The result showed that biochar application inhibited the intensity of soil respiration to some extent, so as to inhibit the emission of CO2 in the soil, but they were no significant. CO2 emission from the treatments of C1 and C2 was less than that of CK, decreased the accumulative emission by 9.9% and 8.0%, respectively. CO2 accumulative emission from jointing?flowering stage was the highest, get reaching 800?1200mg·m?2·h?1, and that of from seeding stage and full ripe stage was the lowest. However, there was a significant positive correlation between CO2 average emission flux and soil temperature below 5cm. Biochar application also inhibited soil N2O emission, and with increase of biochar, the soil N2O emission decreased gradually. During the whole growth season of maize, N2O emission flux was mainly affected by nitrogen fertilizer application. The emission flux of N2O increased significantly and had obvious emission peak after basic nitrogen fertilizer and supplement nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with CK, N2O accumulative emission from C1, C2 and C3 were reduced by 24.7%, 35.2%, and 37.0% in maize growth season. The results indicated that biochar application reduced CO2 and N2O emissions from soil. Biochar application had significance for carbon sequestration in maize field in brown soil region, improved soil properties and maintained the stable maize yield. Appropriate amount of biochar application for maize was a key to mitigate soil CO2 and N2O emissions.

Key words: Greenhouse gasses, Greenhouse gasses emission from soil, Maize, Biochar, Carbon dioxides (CO2), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Carbon sequestration and mitigation, Climate change

谢立勇，许婧，郭李萍，孙雪，赵洪亮，郑益旻. 生物炭对棕壤玉米田CO2与N2O排放的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(08): 493-501.

XIE Li-yong, XU Jing, GUO Li-ping, SUN Xue, ZHAO Hong-liang, ZHENG Yi-min. Impacts of Biochar Application on CO2 and N2O Emissions from Brown Soil with Maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(08): 493-501.

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