川西贡嘎山不同森林生态系统土壤有机碳垂直分布与组成特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.10.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过野外采样与室内实验相结合的方法，对川西典型亚高山不同海拔处暗针叶林、针阔混交林和常绿-落叶阔叶林3种森林类型表层土壤总有机碳（SOC）和活性有机碳的含量特征进行分析，旨在为亚高山生态系统土壤碳循环研究提供理论和数据支撑。结果表明：3种森林类型土壤中总有机碳含量（SOC）在44.21～179.98g·kg-1，表层（0-15cm）SOC含量大小顺序为针阔混交林＞常绿-落叶阔叶林＞暗针叶林，0-5cm土层SOC含量与活性有机碳含量均高于5-15cm土层，说明土壤有机碳具有土壤表聚现象。3种森林类型间SOC密度差异不显著，但不同森林类型土壤SOC密度沿土层的分布具有差别：与常绿-落叶阔叶林和暗针叶林相比，针阔混交林5-15cm土层SOC密度较高。土壤溶解性有机碳（DOC）、轻组分有机碳（LFOC）和微生物（MBC）含量均以针阔混交林最高，但其相对于SOC的比例则以暗针叶林最高，说明高海拔生态系统土壤活性有机碳有更大的累积，同时也暗示在气候变化背景下，高海拔生态系统可能具有更大的CO2排放风险。

关键词: 土壤有机碳, 活性有机碳, 森林类型, 亚高山

Abstract: In this study the concentration and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as the labile SOC in soil of three forest types including an evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest, a mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest and a subalpine dark coniferous forest were investigated in western Sichuan, China. Results indicated that SOC concentration in the surface soil (0-15cm) across three forest types was 44.21-179.98g·kg-1, with the highest value in the mixed broadleaf?coniferous forest, followed by the evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest, and then the coniferous forest. In all of the three forests the soil of 0-5cm layer relative to that of 5?15cm layer had a higher SOC concentration, indicating a surface gathering characteristic of SOC in the forests. The SOC density did not differ among the three forests, while significant differences in light of the vertical variation of SOC density along soil depth were detected among the three forests, where the mixed broadleaf-conifer forest compared to the other two forests had a higher SOC density in the 5?15cm soil depth. Although the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were highest in the mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, the coniferous forest among the three forests was highest in the ratios of these parameters to total SOC content, indicating a higher accumulation of labile SOC in forest with a higher elevation. The results suggest that ecosystem with a higher elevation may have a higher risk of CO2 emission under the circumstance of the climate warming.

Key words: Organic carbon content, Carbon storage, Microbial biomass carbon, Labile organic carbon

郭璐璐，李安迪，商宏莉，孙守琴. 川西贡嘎山不同森林生态系统土壤有机碳垂直分布与组成特征[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(10): 636-643.

GUO Lu-lu, LI An-di, SHANG Hong-li, SUN Shou-qin. Total and Labile Organic Carbon in Soils of Three Subalpine Forest Types in Gongga Mountain, Western Sichuan[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(10): 636-643.

参考文献

[1] 王绍强,朱松丽.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):533-544. Wang S Q,Zhu S L.Ａnalysis on spatial distribution characte- ristics of soil organic carbon reservoir in china[J].Acta Geo- graphica Sinica,2000,55(5):533-544.(in Chinese) [2] 李斌,方晰,李岩,等.湖南省森林土壤有机碳密度及碳库储量动态[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4265-4278. Li B,Fang X,Li Y,et al.Dynamic properties of soil organic carbon in Huan＇s forests[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35 (13):4265-4278.(in Chinese) [3] Batjes N H.Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65(1):2-3. [4] 柳敏,宇万太,姜子绍,等.土壤活性有机碳[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1412-1417. Liu M,Yu W T,Jiang Z S,et al.A research review on soil active organic carbon[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(11): 1412-1417.(in Chinese) [5] 梁启鹏,余新晓,庞卓,等.不同林分土壤有机碳密度研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(4):889-893. Liang Q P,Yu X X,Pang Z,et al.Study on soil organic carbon density of different forest types[J].Ecology and Environ- mental Sciences,2010,19(4):889-893.(in Chinese) [6] 秦纪洪,王琴,孙辉.川西亚高山-高山土壤表层有机碳及活性组分沿海拔梯度的变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(18): 5858-5864. Qin J H,Wang Q,Sun H.Changes of organic carbon and its labile fractions in topsoil with altitude in subalpine-alpine area of southwestern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013, 33(18):5858-5864.(in Chinese) [7] Zinn Y L,Andrade A B,Araujo M A,et al.Soil organic carbon retention more affected by altitude than texture in a forested mountain range in Brazil[J].Soil Research,2018,56(3):284-295. [8] Rodeghiero M,Cescatti A.Main determinants of forest soil respiration along an elevation/temperature gradient in the Italian Alps[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(7):1024-1041. [9] 姜培坤.不同林分下土壤活性有机碳库研究[J].林业科学,2005,(1):10-13. Jiang P K.Soil active carbon pool under different types of vagetation[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,(1):10-13.(in Chinese) [10] Zou X M,Ruan H H,Fu Y,et al.Estimating soil labile organic carbon and potential turnover rates using a sequential fum- igation–incubation procedure[J].Soil Biology & Biochem- istry,2005,37(10):1923-1928. [11] Yan Y,Wang X D.Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and total nitrogen on the Yajiageng vertical belt, Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks[J].Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences,2008,13(3):331-335. [12] 王庆礼,代力民,许广山.简易森林土壤容重测定方法[J].生态学杂志,1996,(3):68-69. Wang Q L,Dai L M,Xu G S.A sampling method in measur- ing forest soil bulk density[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1996,(3):68-69.(in Chinese) [13] Kalbitz K,Solinger S,Park J H,et al.Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils:a review[J]. Soil Science,2000,165(4):277-304. [14] Vance E D,Brookes P C,Jenkinson D S.Microbial biomass measurements in forest soils:the use of the chloroform fumigation-incubation method in strongly acid soils[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1987,19(6):697-702. [15] Boone R D.Light-fraction soil organic matter: origin and contribution to net nitrogen mineralization[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1994,26(11):1459-1468. [16] Janzen H H,Campbell C A,Brandt S A,et al.Light-fraction organic matter in soils from long-term crop rotations[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(6):1799-1806. [17] 金峰,杨浩,蔡祖聪,等.土壤有机碳密度及储量的统计研究[J].土壤学报,2001,38(4):522-528. Jin F,Yang H,Cai Z C,et al.Calculation of density and reser- ve of organica carbon in soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2001,38(4):522-528.(in Chinese) [18] 肖安序.亚高山不同植被土壤有机碳、氮素及其影响因素研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015. Xiao A X.Study on characteristics and influence factors of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in different subalpine vegetation types[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural Univers- ity,2015.(in Chinese) [19] 黄林,王峰,周立江,等.不同森林类型根系分布与土壤性质的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6110-6119. Huang L,Wang F,Zhou L J,et al.Root distribution in the different forest types and their relationship to soil properties[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(19):6110-6119. (in Chinese) [20] 马明东,李强,罗承德,等.卧龙亚高山主要森林植被类型土壤碳汇研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(2):127-131. Ma M D,Li Q,Luo C D,et al.Study on soil labile organic carbon under some main forest types in Wolong Nature Reserve,China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009,23(2):127-131.(in Chinese) [21] 丁咸庆,马慧静,朱晓龙,等.大围山不同海拔森林土壤有机碳垂直分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):258-262. Ding X Q,Ma H J,Zhu X L,et al.The vertical distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon in differ altitude of Dawei Mountain[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015,29(2):258-262.(in Chinese) [22] 丁访军,潘忠松,周凤娇,等.黔中喀斯特地区3种林型土壤有机碳含量及垂直分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1): 161-164. Ding F J,Pang Z S,Zhou F J,et al.Organic carbon contents and vertical distribution characteristics of the soil in three types of the karst regions in central Guizhou province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(1):161-164. (in Chinese) [23] 孙筱璐,唐佐芯,尤业明,等.气候和林分类型对土壤团聚体有机碳的影响[J].广西植物,2018,38(3):341-351. Sun X L,Tang Z X,You Y M,et al.The influence of climate and forest types on soil aggregation organic carbon[J].Gui- haia,2018,38(3):341-351.(in Chinese) [24] 高杰,郭子健,刘艳红.北京松山天然油松林土壤有机碳分布及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10): 2707-2713. Gao J,Guo Z J,Liu Y H.Soil organic carbon distribution and its influencing factors of Beijing Songshan natural Chinese pine forests[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(10): 2707-2713.(in Chinese) [25] 万忠梅,宋长春,杨桂生,等.三江平原湿地土壤活性有机碳组分特征及其与土壤酶活性的关系[J].环境科学报, 2009,29(2):406-412. Wan Z M,Song C C,Yang G S,et al.The active soil organic carbon fraction and its relationship with soil enzyme activity in different types of marshes in the Sanjiang Plain[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(2):406-412.(in Chinese) [26] 向成华,栾军伟,骆宗诗,等.川西沿海拔梯度典型植被类型土壤活性有机碳分布[J].生态学报,2010,30(4):1025-1034. Xiang C H,Luan J W,Luo Z S,et al.Labile soil organic carbon distribution on influenced by vegetation types along an elevation gradient in west Sichuan,China[J].Acta Ecolo- gica Sinica,2010,30(4):1025-1034.(in Chinese) [27] 卢慧,丛静,薛亚东,等.海拔对神农架表层土壤活性有机碳含量的影响[J].林业科学,2014,50(8):162-167. Lu H,Cong J,Xue Y D,et al.Eeffcts of elevation on surface layer soil active organic carbon content in Shennongjia nature reserve[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(8):162-167. (in Chinese) [28] 刘帅,陈玥希,孙辉,等.西南亚高山-高山海拔梯度上森林土壤水溶性有机碳时间动态[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(1): 33-38. Liu S,Chen Y X,Sun H,et al.Temporal dynamics of DOC in forest soil along an elevational gradient of subalpine-alpine in the southwestern China[J].Journal of Northwest forestry University,2015,30(1):33-38.(in Chinese) [29] 陈小花,杨青青,余雪标,等.热带海岸防护林土壤活性有机碳分布特征:人工林与天然次生林的比较[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(3):494-499. Chen X H,Yang Q Q,Yu X B,et al.Distribution characteri- stics of soil active organic carbon of coastal protective forest in the tropics:comparison of plantation and natural forest[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2017,38(3):494-499.(in Chinese) [30] 李洁,盛浩,周萍,等.亚热带丘陵几种林地土壤剖面有机碳和轻组有机碳的分布[J].土壤通报,2013,44(4):851-857. Li J,Sheng H,Zhou P,et al.The profile of organic carbon and light fraction organic carbon in several types of subtropical hilly woodland soils[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013, 44(4):851-857.(in Chinese) [31] 王肖楠.北京低山地区栓皮栎林与油松林土壤有机碳及其组分研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011. Wang X N.Soil organic carbon and its fraction under Quercus variabilis＆Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in low- er mountain area,Beijing[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry Univ- ersity,2011.(in Chinese) [32] 孙金兵,桑英,宋金凤,等.长白山典型森林土壤黑碳含量及不同组分中的分布特征[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(1): 34-40. Sun J B,Sang Y,Song J F,et al.Content and distribution of black carbon in typical forest soils in Changbaishan Mount- ains[J].Forest Research,2016,29(1):34-40.(in Chinese) [33] 宫立,刘国华,李宗善,等.川西卧龙岷江冷杉林土壤有机碳组分与氮素关系随海拔梯度的变化特征[J]. 生态学报,2017,37(14):4696-4705. Gong L,Liu G H,Li Z S,et al.Altitudinal changes in nitrogen,organic carbon,and its labile frations in different soil layers in an Abies faxoniana forest in Wolong[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(14):4696-4705.(in Chinese) [34] 李菊,王琴,孙辉.海拔梯度对川西高寒土壤轻组分有机碳动态影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):51-55. Li J,Wang Q,Sun H.Temporal dynamics of light-fraction organic carbon of subalpine-alpine soil along an altitudinal gradient in the southwestern China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(1):51-55.(in Chinese) [35] 曾全超,李鑫,董扬红,等.黄土高原不同乔木林土壤微生物量碳氮和溶解性碳氮的特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(11): 3598-3605. Zeng Q C,Li X,Dong Y H,et al.Soil microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon,water soluble nitrogen and carbon under different arbors forests on the loess plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(11):3598-3605.(in Chinese) [36] 王春阳,周建斌,夏志敏,等.黄土高原区不同植物凋落物搭配对土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(8): 2139-2147. Wang C Y,Zhou J B,Xia Z M,et al.Effects of mixed plant residues from the loess plateau on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(8): 2139-2147.(in Chinese)