2013年黑龙江省春季低温特征及对主要农作物播种期的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用黑龙江省28个农业气象观测站1971-2016年春季地面气象观测资料，引入日平均气温、最低气温、最高气温3个温度因子，采用数理统计方法，研究2013年春季气温三因子的低温特征，并构建其与大豆、玉米、水稻播种期的相关关系。结果表明：（1）研究区2013年春季气温与1971-2016年毎年同期比较总体以偏低为主，三因子差值（ΔT）＜0℃的年份密集分布于20世纪90年代初期以后，ΔT＜0℃的年数以最高气温最多，最低气温最少。（2）分析期1971-2016年内，ΔT随时间推进均呈下降趋势，以最低气温下降最显著，振荡最强，而最高气温下降趋势最弱，表征2013年春季最低气温和最高气温的不对称性偏低特征。（3）研究区2013年春季逐日气温3个因子与常年同期比较（ΔTD）总体呈偏低趋势，累计低温时间长，3个因子偏低日数均超过整个春季日数的50%，最长连续偏低日数占春季总日数的20%以上，其中以逐日最高气温最多，61%的站点达35d以上，低温持续1个月以上。（4）2013年大豆、玉米、水稻的播期与历史各年比较其差值（ΔD）多为正值，表明该年播期以延后为主。53%的站点2013年春季气温ΔT与作物播种期ΔD存在显著或极显著的负相关关系，说明随着春季气温降低，作物播种期存在推迟趋势。ΔT每降低1℃，ΔD增加0.9～6.3d，其中以最低气温影响最显著。（5）内涝与低温叠加更易造成作物迟播。

关键词: 黑龙江省, 春季低温, 农作物, 播种期

Abstract:

Based on the spring meteorological observation data from 28 agro-meteorological stations in very cold region, Heilongjiang province during 1971 to 2016, by introducing the daily average air temperature, minimum air temperature and maximum air temperature and using mathematical statistics method, characteristics of typical low temperature of three spring temperature factors was investigated in 2013, and the correlation between temperature and seeding dates of soybean, maize and rice was analyzed. The results showed that the spring temperature in 2013 was generally lower than the temperature in the same period of each year during 1971 to 2016 in the research area, the years which ΔT was below 0℃ were dense after the early 1990s, and its number of years of the maximum air temperature was most, but the number of years of the minimum air temperature is least. At the same time, ΔT of the three temperature factors all showed a declining trend. ΔTof the minimum air temperature declined significantly, and it changed dramatically, however change trend of ΔT of the maximum air temperature was not significant, and this indicated that ΔT of minimum air temperature and maximum air temperature reduced non-symmetrically. The daily spring temperature in 2013 was generally lower than the perennial temperature in the research area, duration of the low temperature was long and days of ΔTD＜0℃ exceeded 50% of the total spring days. The maximum continuous days of the low temperature accounted for more than 20% of the total spring days, and the days of the daily maximum temperature is most, 61% of the stations reached 35 days or more, and the low temperature lasted for more than one month. Compared with the historical seeding dates in each year, the seeding dates of soybean, maize and rice in 2013 were mainly delayed. Correlation between ΔTof the spring temperature and ΔD of crops seeding dates was significant in 53% stations, which showed that the spring temperature reduced and the seeding dates would be late. ΔTof each temperature factor decreased 1℃, and ΔDof seeding dates increased about 0.9?6.3 days. In particular, the impact of minimum air temperature was most significant. The combination of waterlogging and low temperature was more likely to cause late sowing of crops.

Key words: Heilongjiang province, Spring low temperature, Crop, Seeding date

姜丽霞，王萍，王冬冬，连萍，吴双，张雪梅，闫平，李秀芬. 2013年黑龙江省春季低温特征及对主要农作物播种期的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(02): 114-125.

JIANG Li-xia, WANG Ping, WANG Dong-dong, LIAN Ping, WU Shuang, ZHANG Xue-mei,YAN Ping, LI Xiu-fen. Characteristics of Low Temperature in Spring and its Effect on Crops Seeding Dates in 2013 in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(02): 114-125.

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