基于归一化法模拟分析东北地区春玉米干物质积累对播期和品种的动态响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨东北地区不同播期的主栽品种春玉米的干物质（MDA）积累的生长特性，实现对春玉米干物质积累的有效预估，本研究基于2014-2015年3个春玉米品种（丹玉39、丹玉99和农华101）每年6个播期的试验资料，利用归一化处理方法建立了考虑相对积温（RATi）的干物质重动态模拟模型，并利用推导出的关键生长参数定量分析春玉米干物质积累对播期和品种的动态响应特征。结果表明：基于归一化法筛选并建立了以相对积温为自变量的干物质积累动态模型（Richards模型），方程表达式为y=a/(1+eb?cx)(1/d)，决定系数R2在0.99以上，符合生物学意义，对东北地区春玉米有较好的模拟性能。试验验证表明，模型对早播春玉米干物质动态积累的模拟精确度更好，且丹玉39的模拟效果优于丹玉99及农华101。DMA总体表现为随着播期推迟而降低，品种间表现为丹玉39＞丹玉99＞农华101，差异达极显著水平；干物质积累过程分为积累渐增期、直线快增期和减速积累期3个阶段，其中直线快增期为干物质积累的主要阶段，随着播期的推迟，直线快增期经历的积温、干物质积累量、干物质积累平均速率、速率峰值及其对应的干物质积累量占干物质总量的积累比例都不同程度减小。丹玉39的快增期较丹玉99、农华101明显延长，干物质积累平均速率、速率峰值及其对应的干物质积累量较丹玉99、农华101显著提升。

关键词: 春玉米, 播期, Richards 模型, 干物质积累, 生长特性

Abstract: For effectively estimating the dry matter accumulation (DMA) process of spring maize, based on the experiments of six sowing dates for spring maize of three varieties including ‘Danyu 39’, ‘Danyu 99’ and ‘Nonghua 101’ during 2014?2015, considering relative accumulation temperature (RAT), the dynamic simulation model of DMA i.e. Richards model was built by using normalization method and the dynamic responses of DMA of spring maize in Northeast China to varieties and sowing dates were investigated by taking the calculated key growing parameters into account. The results showed that the Richards model was built based on the relationship between the relative dry matter weight (RDMA) and the RAT and demonstrates a satisfactory simulation performance for spring maize in northeast China. Further analyzing showed that the model had higher simulation accuracy for early sowing date and the model performance for ‘Danyu39’ was better than those for ‘Danyu 99’ and ‘Nonghua’. In addition, the DMA decreased with the sowing date delaying and presented a descending order by ‘Danyu 39’ , ‘Danyu 99’ and ‘Nonghua101’ with significant differences. Besides, the dry matter accumulation process could be divided into three stages including gradual, linearly accelerating and decelerating growth period. More specifically, the linearly accelerating growth period (LAGP) was the major phase of DMA during which accumulated temperature, the mean rate of DMA and its peak value as well as the amount of DMA and its proportion to total DMA were gradually decreasing to different degrees with the sowing time delaying. Whereas, the above-mentioned characters indicated significant differences among varieties. To be specific, the LAGP, the mean rate of DMA and its peak value as well as the amount of DMA for ‘Danyu39’ was longer and larger than those for ‘Danyu 99’ and ‘Nonghua 101’, respectively.

Key words: Spring maize, Sowing date, Richards model, Dry matter accumulation, Growth characteristic

张兵兵，吴航，杨璐，吕晓，张放，张慧，高全，杨扬. 基于归一化法模拟分析东北地区春玉米干物质积累对播期和品种的动态响应[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(06): 357-367.

ZHANG Bing-bing, WU Hang, YANG Lu, Lv Xiao, ZHANG Fang, ZHANG Hui, GAO Quan, YANG Yang. Simulation of the Dynamic Response of Dry Matter Accumulation of Spring Maize in Northeast China to Sowing Dates and Varieties Based on Normalization Method[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(06): 357-367.

参考文献

[1] 于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.东北地区玉米生长发育特征及其对热量的响应[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1295-1302. Yu W Y,Ji R P,Feng R,et al.Maize growth and its responses to heat condition in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(5):1295-1302.(in Chinese) [2] 胡昌浩,王忠孝,等.玉米栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995. Hu C H,Wang Z X,et al.Physiology of maize cultivation[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1995.(in Chinese) [3] 梁曦彤,陆至远,李文莹,等.种植行距对春玉米干物质积累动态及分配规律的影响[J].玉米科学,2015,23(4):110-116. Liang X T,Lu Z Y,Li W Y,et al.Effect of different row spacing on dynamic of dry matter accumulation and distribution[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences,2015,23(4):110-116.(in Chinese). [4] 李晶,李文龙,顾万荣,等.不同栽培模式对春玉米茎秆特性?籽粒灌浆及产量的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2018,49(8): 24-31. Li J,Li W L,Gu W R,et al.Effect of different cultivation patterns on stalk characteristics,grain filling and yield of spring maize[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2018,49(8):24-31.(in Chinese) [5] 王晓维,杨文亭,缪建群,等.玉米-大豆间作和施氮对玉米产量及农艺性状的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5275-5282. Wang X W,Yang W T,Miao J Q,et al.Effects of maize-soybean intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and agronomic traits of maize[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(18):5275- 5282.(in Chinese). [6] 孔德胤,李建军,杨松,等.播期对河套地区玉米干物质积累模型的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(36):49-53. Kong D Y,Li J J,Yang S,et al.Growth model of maize based on dry matter accumulation in Hetao area[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(36):49-53.(in Chinese) [7] 陈祥兰,张雪峰,罗新兰,等.东北玉米生长发育动态模拟模型研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(3):242-247. Chen X L,Zhang X F,Luo X L,et al.Study of dynamic simulation model of maize growth in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2012,34(3):242-247. (in Chinese) [8] 杨福孙,甘炳春,李榕涛,等.野生抚育益智主要性状与产量的回归模型及相关分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(2): 272-276. Yang F S,Gan B C,Li R T,et al.The regression model and related analysis between main characters and yields in wildlife tending Alpinia oxyphyila[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(2):272-276.(in Chinese) [9] 张旭东,蔡焕杰,付玉娟,等.黄土区夏玉米叶面积指数变化规律的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):25-29. Zhang X D,Cai H J,Fu Y J,et al.Study on leaf area index of summer maize in loess areas[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2006,24(2):25-29.(in Chinese) [10] 李树忱,冯现大,李术才,等.矿井顶板突水模型试验多场信息的归一化处理方法[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(3):447-451. Li S C,Feng X D,Li S C,et al.The normalization process of the multi-field information from a coal mine water-inrush model test[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(3):447- 451.(in Chinese) [11] 付雪丽,赵明,周宝元,等.小麦?玉米粒重动态共性特征及其最佳模型的筛选与应用[J].作物学报,2009,35(2): 309-316. Fu X L,Zhao M,Zhou B Y,et al.Optimal model for dynamic characteristics of grain weight commonly used in wheat and maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(2):309-316.(in Chinese) [12] 乔嘉,朱金城,赵姣,等.基于Logistic 模型的玉米干物质积累过程对产量影响研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(5): 32-38. Qiao J,Zhu J C,Zhao J,et al.Study on the effect of dry matter accumulation process on maize yield based on Logistic model[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2011, 16(5):32-38.(in Chinese) [13] 侯玉虹,陈传永,郭志强,等.作物高产群体干物质积累动态模型的构建及生长特性分析[J].玉米科学,2008,16(6): 90-95. Hou Y H,Chen C Y,Guo Z Q,et al.Establishment of dry matter accumulation dymamic simulation model and analysis of growth charateristc for high-yielding population of spring maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2008,16(6): 90-95.(in Chinese) [14] 李国强,汤亮,张文宇,等.不同株型小麦干物质积累与分配对氮肥响应的动态分析[J].作物学报,2009,35:2258-2265. Li G Q,Tang L,Zhang W Y,et al.Dynamic analysis on response of dry matter accumulation and partitioning to nitrogen fertilizer in wheat cultivars with different plant types[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35:2258-2265.(in Chinese) [15] 张琪,唐婕,冯一淳,等.基于积温产量模型确定山东夏玉米拔节前后的极端高温阈值[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(12): 795-800. Zhang Q,Tang J,Feng Y C,et al.Determination of extreme high temperature thresholds before and after summer corn jointing stage in Shandong based on accumulated temperature- yield model[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2017, 38(12):795-800.(in Chinese) [16] 刘娟,熊淑萍,杨阳,等.基于归一化法的小麦干物质积累动态预测模型[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5512-5520. Liu J,Xiong S P,Yang Y,et al.A model to predict dry matter accumulation dynamics in wheat based on the normalized method[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(17):5512-5520. (in Chinese) [17] 于泽涛,王存凯,夏雨晴,等.玉米产量与干物质积累过程模型中品种参数的建立方法与分析[J].玉米科学,2016,24(4): 130-136. Yu Z T,Wang C K,Xia Y Q,et al.Methods of varieties parameters on yield and maize dry matter accumulation model[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(4):130-136.(in Chinese) [18] 张银锁,宇振荣,Driessen P M.夏玉米植株及叶片生长发育热量需求的试验与模拟研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(4): 561-565. Zhang Y S,Yu Z R,Driessen P M.Growing degree-days requirements for plant and leaf development of summer maize(Zea mays):an experimental and simulation study[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(4):561-565.(in Chinese) [19] 郭春明,任景全,张铁林,等.东北地区春玉米生长季农田蒸散量动态变化及其影响因子[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(4): 400-407. Guo C M,Ren J Q,Zhang T L,et al.Dynamic change of evapotranspiration and influenced factors in the spring maize field in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(4):400-407.(in Chinese) [20] 王晓维,杨文亭,缪建群,等.玉米-大豆间作和施氮对玉米产量及农艺性状的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5275-5282. Wang X W,Yang W T,Miao J Q,et al.Effects of maize-soybean intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and agronomic traits of maize[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014, 34(18):5275-5282.(in Chinese) [21] 肖静,李楠,姜会飞.作物发育期积温计算方法及其稳定性[J].气象研究与应用,2010,31(2):64-67. Xiao J,Li N,Jiang H F.Calculation and stability of accumulated temperatures in the growing season of winter wheat[J].Journal of Meteorological Research and Application, 2010,31(2):64-67.(in Chinese) [22] 孙小龙,闫伟兄,武荣盛,等.基于气候适宜度建立河套灌区玉米生育期模拟模型[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):62-67. Sun X L,Yan W X,Wu R S,et al.Simulation model for maize developmental stages in Hetao Irrigation area based on climate suitability[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2014,35(1):62-67.(in Chinese) [23] 张迪,王冀川,陈慧,等.密度对夏玉米干物质积累的影响及其归一化模拟模型的建立[J].玉米科学,2018,26(5):58-64. Zhang D,Wang J C,Chen H, Effect of density on dry matter accumulation of summer maize and establishment of normalized simulation model[J].Journal of Mazie Sciences, 2018,26(5):58-64.(in Chinese) [24] 赵姣,郑志芳,方艳茹,等.基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(2): 300-308. Zhao J,Zheng Z F,Fang Y R,et al.Effect of dry matter accumulation characteristics on yield of winter wheat analyzed by dynamic simulation model[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(2):300-308.(in Chinese) [25] 李艳大,汤亮,陈青春,等.水稻地上部干物质积累动态的定量模拟[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(6):1504-1510. Li Y D,Tang L,Chen Q C,et al.Drymatter accumulation inrice above ground part quantitative simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(6):1504-1510.(in Chinese) [26] 沈杰,蔡艳,何玉亭,等.基于归一化法的烤烟干物质积累建模与特征分析[J].作物学报,2017,43(3):442-453. Shen J,Cai Y,He Y T,et al.Dynamic simulation of dry matter accumulation in flue-cured tobacco and analysis of its characteristics based on normalized method[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017,43(3):442-453.(in Chinese) [27] 李向岭,赵明,李从锋,等.播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态的影响及其模型的建立[J].作物学报,2010,36(12): 2143-2153. Li X L,Zhao M,Li C F,et al.Effect of sowing-date and planting density on dry matter accumulation dynamic and establishment of its simulated model in maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(12):2143-2153.(in Chinese) [28] 李昊,谭方颖,王建林,等.华北地区夏玉米干物质分配系数的模拟[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(3):335-342. Li H,Tan F Y,Wang J L,et al.Simulation on dry matter distribution coefficient for summer maize in North China[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2016,37(3): 335-342.(in Chinese) [29] 宝音巴特,王婧瑜,朱景嵩,等.吉林省不同生态区域玉米产量及构成因素的差异性[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(9): 3819-3824. Baoyinbate,Wang J Y,Zhu J S,et al.Difference of maize yield and component factor of different ecology zones in Jilin province[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2017,15(9):3819-3824. (in Chinese) [30] 徐田军,吕天放,陈传永,等.播期对玉米干物质积累转运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(6): 112-118. Xu T J,Lv T F,Chen C Y,et al.Effect of sowing date on maize dry matter accumulation,transformation and grain filling characters[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016,18(6):112-118.(in Chinese) [31] 赵俊芳,李宁,侯英雨,等.基于APSIM模型评估北方八省春玉米生产对气候变化的响应[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(2): 108-118. Zhao J F,Li N,Hou Y Y,et al.Evaluation of response of spring maize production to climate change in the eight provinces of northern China based on APSIM Model[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2018,39(2):108-118.(in Chinese)