贺兰山东麓砾石葡萄园赤霞珠最佳采收期的确定

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2020.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2018年8月21日-10月9日，对宁夏贺兰山东麓砾石葡萄园酿酒葡萄（品种为‘赤霞珠’）进行分期采收。通过对各采收期葡萄果实中的还原糖、滴定酸、可溶性固形物、总酚、单宁和花青素含量以及pH、糖酸比和固酸比的测定，利用K?平均值聚类分析法和主成分分析法对葡萄果实品质指标进行综合评价，研究‘赤霞珠’葡萄在不同采收时间果实品质指标含量的变化，从而确定该地区‘赤霞珠’葡萄的最佳采收期，以优化砾石葡萄园葡萄酒品质、形成酒庄特色。结果表明：从9月10日起采收的葡萄果实基本满足高品质酿酒对各单项指标的要求，但随着采收时间的推后，各项指标均有一定程度的波动，可见，采收时间对葡萄果实品质指标有显著影响。通过K?平均值聚类分析，将采收时间分为两类，第I类采收期为8月21日-9月7日，第II类采收期为9月10日-10月9日。综合各指标，在第II类采收期采收更有利于酿造优质葡萄酒。进一步利用主成分分析法对第II类采收期采摘的果实品质进行综合评价，结果表明，9月28日-10月9日采收的葡萄综合分值均大于零，其中以9月28日得分最大，达到了1.84。故研究认为，在2018年的气象条件下，宁夏贺兰山东麓砾石葡萄园‘赤霞珠’葡萄年度果实品质的可采收时间段为9月10日-10月9日，9月28日为当年最佳采收期。

关键词: 赤霞珠, 最佳采收期, 主成分分析, 聚类分析, 葡萄品质, 酿酒葡萄

Abstract: The vineyards are developing very fast in recently year at the eastern foothills of Helan mountain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of Northwest China as the wine industry is invested by the incentive of the local policy.‘Cabernet Sauvignon’is the dominated grape variety for the wine industry with the cultivation extension in the past years. The wine quality is subject to the mature degree of the grape, therefore, the harvest dates are of very importance in order to make high quality wine. The best grape harvested in the optimal period is helpful for the formation of the characteristics of chateau. A case study for identifying the optimal harvest period of grape was carried out from August 21 to October 9, 2018. This experiment was conducted in gravel vineyard and the grape was harvested in different dates and then the contents of reducing sugar, the titratable acid, the soluble solids, the total phenols, the tannins and anthocyanins, pH, the sugar-acid ratio and the solid-acid ratio in grape fruits were measured in the laboratory thereafter. The K-means clustering analysis and the principal component analysis were applied to comprehensively evaluate the quality indices of the grape fruit, analyze the changes of the fruit quality index content of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape against the different harvest date, and then to conclude the best harvest period of the grape variety ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ in gravel vineyard at the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain, Ningxia. The results showed that every quality index of the grape fruits basically meets the requirements of high-quality wine brewing if the grape is harvested September 10 afterwards although these indices varied to some extent with the harvest date. The results also showed that the harvest date has strong impact on the grape quality. After the K-means clustering analysis, two harvest periods were recommended, the early one is from August 21 to September 7, and the later one is from September 10 to October 9 in which period the harvested grape may be used to make the high quality wine. The principal component analysis was applied further to evaluate the grape quality harvested in the later period. The results showed that the overall scores of the grapes harvested during the period from September 28 to October 9 were all greater than zero, and the highest score of 1.84 was on September 28. This study concludes that in the case of the meteorological conditions in 2018 the optimal harvest period for the grape Cabernet Sauvignon in gravel vineyard at the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was from September 10 to October 9, in which the best harvest date was September 28.

Key words:

中图分类号:

陈仁伟，张晓煜，杨豫，王静，张亚红，胡宏远，丁永平. 贺兰山东麓砾石葡萄园赤霞珠最佳采收期的确定[J]. 中国农业气象, 2020, 41(09): 564-574.

CHEN Ren-wei，ZHANG Xiao-yu，YANG Yu，WANG Jing，ZHANG Ya-hong，HU Hong-yuan，DING Yong-ping. Determination of the Optimal Harvest Period for the Grape Variety Cabernet Sauvignon in Gravel Vineyard at the Eastern Foothills of Helan Mountain[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2020, 41(09): 564-574.

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