关键词: 冬小麦, 油菜, 气象条件, 气候适宜度, 评价

Abstract: Based on the measured meteorological data and crop development stage data of meteorological observation stations and agricultural meteorological stations in the main production area in 2021−2022, the climate suitable index and disaster index were used to analyze the agrometeorological conditions in the growing season of major summer harvest crops, including winter wheat and rape. The results showed that: the thermal conditions and the sunlight were sufficient during winter wheat and rape growth season. The precipitation and soil moisture conditions were suitable for crop growth and development. Meanwhile, the impact of agrometeorological disasters such as freezing, drought was relatively light. So the climate suitability index was higher than the value of the previous year and the average value of last five years. In general, temperature, sunshine and water conditions matched, which was favorable for crops development and yield formation. During the mature and harvest stage of winter wheat and rape, the weather was so sunny that harvest progress was fast and high quality. While it was continuous heavy rain and the farmland had been waterlogged in North China Plain in autumn 2021, which led to the sowing date of winter wheat delayed obviously and less proportion of strong seedlings and insufficient tillering before winter wheat stopped the growth and entered overwintering period. Additionally, the continuous rain and poor sunshine also delayed the development process of rape in Jiangnan region and Guizhou province. However, the above adverse meteorological conditions did not impact significantly the yield of winter wheat and rape.

Key words: Winter wheat, Rape, Agrometeorological conditions, Assessment