Abstract:

The prevention and management of allergy risks caused by airborne allergenic pollen has become a critical concern in safeguarding public health during urban greening. The prevention and management framework covers three main strands from bottom to top: pollen monitoring, pollen forecasting and pollen service. To gain a deeper understanding of this framework, a comprehensive literature review was conducted in this paper. The principles, equipment and station layout of pollen monitoring were analyzed. The development of pollen forecasting methods, spanning from statistical regression to machine learning and deep learning was summarized. Current manifestations and applications of user−friendly pollen service products were summarized. In addition, the challenges faced by each link were discussed, and future research directions were prospected. The results indicated that domestic pollen monitoring equipment primarily relied on gravity settling, which was cost−effective and easy to operate but heavily depended on manual daily monitoring. Pollen forecasting was still mainly based on statistical regression, and future advancements should focus on integrating cutting−edge technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence Large Models, to develop multi−modal factor−driven forecasting methods and support more refined forecasting. Pollen service was launched via WeChat mini−programs, mobile applications, platforms and other products that provide diverse information, including total and classified pollen concentration and medical guidelines. Future developments should prioritize addressing the specific needs of different user groups through personalized and customized solutions.

Key words: Urban greening, Airborne allergenic pollen, Pollen monitoring, Pollen forecasting, Pollen service