Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1092-1104.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2026.07.008

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Evaluation of Three Evapotranspiration Models for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantation in Western Liaoning Province, China

GAO Xiang, CAI Jin-feng, PEI Song-yi, LI Zhi-peng, ZHANG Jin-song   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037; 3. Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Jiyuan 454650; 4. State-owned Jianping County Heishui Mechanized Forest Farm, Chaoyang 122000
  • Received:2025-09-15 Online:2026-07-22 Published:2026-07-21

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Abstract:

Accurately simulated evapotranspiration (ET) is important for evaluating the effect of plantation on water cycle in the planting area, and promotes the optimization and management of local water resource. This study focused on the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in western Liaoning province. Evapotranspiration measured by eddy covariance system (ETEC) during the growing season in 2023 and 2024 was used to evaluate the applicability of the Penman−Monteith (PM) model, Shuttleworth−Wallace (SW) model and the modified Priestley−Taylor (PTm) model, and analyzed the sensitivity of the important variables in the three models. The results showed that the three models estimated evapotranspiration (ETe) had similar diurnal and seasonal variations to ETEC. However, during the growing seasons of 2023 and 2024, the PM model underestimated by 39.24% and 27.05%, the PTm model underestimated by 20.85% and 4.75%, while the SW model underestimated by 1.12% and overestimated by 5.12%. At half-hour and daily time scales, the SW model had the smallest mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), as well as the highest simulation efficiency (ME) and consistency index (IA) during the two growing seasons. At daily time scale, the MAE, RMSE, ME and IA obtained by the PTm model were in the middle of three models during the two growing seasons. For the resistance variables of the PM model and SW model, ETe was the most sensitive to canopy resistance (rc). For the environmental variables of the three models, ETe was the most sensitive to root zone soil moisture content (θr). Both rc and θr had greater impact on ETe in the drought year of 2023. The SW model was the most suitable for simulating ET in the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in western Liaoning province. Future studies should measure the ET components and verify the performance of the model in the ET partitioning. 

Key words: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, Penman?Monteith model, Shuttleworth?Wallace model, Modified Priestley?Taylor model, Variable sensitivity