Effect of Low Temperature at Flowering Stage on Late Rice Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.02.010

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the impact of low temperature during flowering stage to photosynthesis, grain filling process, and dry matter accumulation and distribution, we took Guangliangyouxiang 66 as a material in artificial control test in Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology from August to October in 2014. The low stress temperature was set as 22℃/17℃(day/night), and processing time was 2d, 4d, 6d and 8d (denoted as T2d, T4d, T6d and T8d), and 32℃/25℃ (day/night) as the control (CK). The results showed that: (1)after low temperature treatment, maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax) of T2d changed smaller, and that of T4d and T6d were respectively 11.66% and 11.66% lower than CK. Pmax of T8d was only 17.25μmol·m^-2·s^-1, which decreased by 28.54% than CK. In addition, the light saturation point (LSP) reduced after low temperature treatment, and the light compensation point (LCP) increased significantly. Compared with CK, T2d, T4d, T6d, T8d LSP was reduced by 6.68%, 8.08%, 8.63%, 10.87%, but LCP increased 2, 3, 4, 6 times. This means low temperature treatment can reduce the photosynthetic capacity of late rice leaf. (2)When modeling grain fitting process of different treatments, we found that with more treatment time, the time required to reach the maximum filling rate(T-GRmax) was more, the largest grain weight(A) and time of the active period (T90) were less, which resulting a decline of average filling rate (GR). And this indicated that the low temperature will slow the process of rice grain filling. (3)The longer processing time, the lower the seed setting of rate rice. Treatment no more than 2d, the seed setting would not change significantly, but treatment more than 4d would result seed setting significant decline. Compared to CK, seed setting of T8d reduced by 34.39%. (4)The total dry matter was negatively correlated with low temperature treatment time, and the total dry matter would significant reduced if low temperature treatment after 6d. That of T8d showed a 28.05% decline compared to CK, which leaf and spike contributed obviously. And after 4d treatment, dry matter of leaf and spike would significant decline. Compared to CK, dry matter of leaf and spike of T8d were reduced by 42.57% and 38.07%. Result showed that low temperature at flowering stage could inhibit late rice photosynthesis. More than 4d treatment could significantly reduce the seed setting, slow down the process of grain filling, and those were adverse to the yield formation.

Key words: Low temperature at flowering stage, Late rice, Photosynthesis, Grain filling, Dry matter

BAI Guang-zhi, LIU Shou-dong, YU Yan-wen, YANG Zai-qiang, YIN Jian-min. Effect of Low Temperature at Flowering Stage on Late Rice Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(02): 206-212.

References

[1]钟克友,唐湘如,胡飞,等.水稻剑叶气孔性状与孕穗期耐冷性的关系研究[J].西北植物学报,2010, 30(1):98-103. Zhong K Y,Tang X R,Hu F,et al.Correlations between the cold tolerance during the booting stage and the stomatal traits of flag leaf surface in rice[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin, 2010,30(1):98-103.(in Chinese) [2]Deng J.Advances of studies on plant freezing tolerance mechanism:freezing tolerance gene expression and its function[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2001,18(5):521-530. [3]Bertrand A,Castonguay Y.Plant adaptations to overwintering stresses and implications of climate change[J].Canadian Journal of Botanical,2003,81:1145-1152. [4]Lyons J M.Chilling injury in plants[J].Ann Rev Plant Physiol,1973,24(6):445- 451. [5]Levitt J.Responses of plants to environmental stresses[S].New York:Academic Press,1980: 23-64. [6]曾乃燕,何军贤,赵文,等.低温胁迫期间水稻光合膜色素与蛋白水平的变化[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(1): 8-14. Zeng N Y, He J X, Zhao W, et al.Changes in components of pigments and proteins in rice photosynthetic membrane during chilling stress[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident. Sin,2000, 20(1):8-14.(in Chinese) [7]陈善娜,邹晓菊,梁斌.水稻不同抗冷品种幼苗叶细胞膜系统的电镜观察(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(3):191-194. Chen S N,Zou X J,Liang B.Electronmicroscope observation on membrane system of leave cells of some varieties of rice seedlings with different cold-resistance[J].Plant Physiology Communications,1997,33(3):191-194.(in Chinese) [8]Weeden N F,Buchanan B B.Leaf cytosolic fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase-A potential targets in low temperature stress[J].Plant Physiol,1983,2(1):259-261. [9]王静,张成军,陈国祥,等.低温对灌浆期水稻剑叶光合色素和类囊体膜脂肪酸的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(2):177- 182. Wang J,Zhang C J,Chen G X,et al.Effect of low temperature on photosynthetic pigments and thylakoid membrane fatty acid in flag leaves of rice at the milky stage[J].Chinese J Rice Sci,2006,20(2):177-182.(in Chinese) [10]Kratsch H A,Wise R R.The ultrastructure of chilling stress[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2000,23(4): 337-350. [11]王国莉,郭振飞.低温对水稻不同耐性品种幼苗光和速率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2005,19(4):381- 383. Wang G L,Guo Z F.Effects of chilling stress on photosynthetic rate and the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence in two rice varieties differing in sensitivity[J]. Chinese J Rice Sci,2005,19(4):381-383.(in Chinese) [12]李平,刘鸿先,王以柔,等.低温对杂交水稻及其亲本三系始穗期旗叶光合作用的影响[J].植物学报,1990,32(6):456- 464. Li P,Liu H X,Wang Y R,et al.Effect of chilling on photosynthesis in flag leaves at primary heading stage of F1 hybrid rice cultivars and their parental lines(Three lines)[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica,1990,32(6):456-464.(in Chinese) [13]李平,陈贻竹,李晓萍,等.籼稻的耐冷性与亲本的关系[J].植物学报,1994,37(7):544-551. Li P,Chen Y Z,Li X P,et al.The cold tolerance of INDICA type rice in relation to its parents[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1994,37(7):544-551.(in Chinese) [14]Kaniuga Z,Zabek J,Sochanoeicz B.Photosynthetic apparatus in chilling-sensitive plants Ⅲ:contribution of loosely bound manganese to the mechanism of reversible in activation of Hill reaction activity following cold and dark storage and illumination of leaves[J].Planta,1979,144:490-502. [15]张金恩,聂秋生,李迎春,等.颖花分化期低温处理对早稻叶片光合能力和产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(4): 410-416. Zhang J E,Nie Q S,Li Y C,et al.Effects of low temperature stress on the photosynthetic capacity and yield components of early rice at the spikelet differentiation stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(4):410-416.(in Chinese) [16]邓化冰,车芳璐,肖应辉,等.开花期低温胁迫对水稻花粉性状及剑叶理化特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22 (1):66-72. Deng H B,Che F L,Xiao Y H,et al.Effects of low temperature stress during flowering period on pollen characters and flag leaf physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(1):66-72. (in Chinese) [17]黄宇,王华.寒露风对水稻生产的影响[J].湖南农业,2008, (9):12. Huang Y,Wang H.Effect of autumn low temperature on rice production[J].Hunan Agricuture,2008,(9):12.(in Chinese) [18]邱上深.水稻冷害机制探讨[J].中国农业气象,1994,15(5): 41-45. Qiu S S.Investigation of the mechanism of rice cold damage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,1994,15(5): 41-45.(in Chinese) [19]王丽娟,李天来,崔娜.夜间不同时段低温对番茄光合产物积累与分配的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(6): 811-815. Wang L J,Li T L,Cui N.Effects of different Time Low- temperature at night on dry matter accumulation and distribution in tomato[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2006,37(6):811-815.(in Chinese) [20]王丽娟,李天来,齐红岩,等.长期夜间亚低温对番茄生长发育及光合产物分配的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006, 37(3):300-303. Wang L J,Li T L,Qi H Y,et al.Effects of Long-term Sub-low Temperature on growth and development and dry matter distribution in Tomato[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2006,37(3):300-303.(in Chinese) [21]王保生,杜筱玲,刘文英,等.QX/T94-2008寒露风等级[S].北京:气象出版社, 2008. Wang B S,Du X L,Liu W Y,et al.QX/T94-2008 grade of autumn low temperature[S].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2008.(in Chinese) [22]薛香,吴玉娥,陈荣江,等.小麦籽粒灌浆过程的不同数学模型模拟比较[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(6):169-171. Xue X,Wu Y E,Chen R J,et al.Comparison of different mathematical equations for simulating the grain filling process of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2006,26(6): 169-171.(in Chinese) [23]朱庆森,曹显祖,骆亦其.水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析[J].作物学报,1988,14(3):182-192. Zhu Q S,Cao X Z,Luo Y Q.Growth analysis on the process of grain filling in rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1988, 14(3):182-192.(in Chinese) [24]顾世梁,朱庆森,杨建昌,等.不同水稻材料籽粒灌浆特性的分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(1):7-14. Gu S L,Zhu Q S,Yang J C,et al.Analysis on grain fil1ing characteristics for different rice types[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2001,27(1):7-14.(in Chinese) [25]Sharp R E,Poroyko V,Hejlek L G.Root growth maintenance during water deficits:physiology to functional genomies[J].J Exp Bot,2004,55:2343-2351. [26]杨猛,魏玲,胡萌,等.低温胁迫对玉米幼苗光合特性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(1):66-70. Yang M,Wei L,Hu M,et al.Effect of low temperature stress on photosynthetic characteristics of maize seedling[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2012,43(1): 66-70.(in Chinese) [27]李平,王以柔,陈贻竹,等.低温对杂交水稻乳熟期剑叶光合作用和光合产物运输的影响[J].植物学报,1994,36(1): 45-52. Li P,Wang Y R,Chen Y Z.Effects of chilling temperature on photosynthesis and photosynthate transport in flag leaves of hybrid rice at milky stage[J].Acta Bot anica Sinica,1994, 36(1):45-52.(in Chinese) [28]王连敏,王立志,张国民.寒地水稻耐冷基础的研究Ⅲ:花期低温对水稻结实的影响[J].中国农业气象,1997,18(5):9-11. Wang L M,Wang L Z,Zhang G M.Effect of cooling temperature at flowering stage on spikelet fertility of rice plant[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,1997,18(5): 9-11.(in Chinese) [29]朱海霞,王秋京,闫平,等.孕穗抽穗期低温处理对黑龙江省主栽水稻品种结实率的影响[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(2): 304-309. Zhu H X,Wang Q J,Yan P,et al.Effect of low temperature at heading stage on seed setting rate of major rice varieties in Heilongjiang province[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2012, 33(2):304-309.(in Chinese) [30]Satake T,Shibata M.Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young micro spore stage in rice plants X X XI:four components participating in fertilization[J].Japanese Journal of Crop Science,1992,61:454-462. [31]徐田军,王荣焕,赵久然,等.不同播期条件下‘京单68’和‘郑单958’的籽粒灌浆特性研究[J].农学学报,2013,3(10): 1-5. Xu T J,Wang R H,Zhao J R,et al.The study on the grain filling characteristics of ‘Jingdan68’ and ‘Zhengdan958’ under different sowing dates[J].Journal of Agriculture,2013, 3(10):1-5.(in Chinese)