中国农业气象

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气候变暖背景下河北省冬小麦冻害变化分析

代立芹;李春强;姚树然;张文宗;   

  1. 河北省气象科学研究所/河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室;
  • 出版日期:2010-06-10 发布日期:2010-06-10
  • 基金资助:
    河北省科技支撑计划项目“气候变化对河北省粮食安全的影响研究”(09276903D)

Variation Analysis of Freezing Injury on Winter Wheat under Climate Warming in Hebei Province

DAI Li-qin,LI Chun-qiang,YAO Shu-ran,ZHANG Wen-zong(Hebei Institute of Meteorological Science/Hebei Province Key Lab for Meteorology and Eco-Environment,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)   

  • Online:2010-06-10 Published:2010-06-10

摘要: 利用河北省冬麦区23个农气观测站1981-2007年冬小麦冻害观测资料和逐日气象资料,应用数理统计方法,分析了气候变暖背景下河北省冬小麦冻害发生规律及变化趋势。结果表明:河北省冬麦区冬季平均气温、小麦越冬期最低气温显著升高;最低气温出现时过程降温幅度无明显减小趋势;冬小麦越冬期负积温明显减少。冬小麦冻害发生率自1986年起逐渐下降,1995-2000年没有冻害出现,2000年后中南部地区冻害发生率又呈现上升趋势,且多以入冬剧烈降温型冻害和融冻型冻害为主。气候变化的不确定性、冷暖交替突变、弱冬性品种小麦的引入、抗寒锻炼时间缩短和强度减弱及栽培管理不当是导致冬小麦冻害发生率回升的重要原因。因此,虽然气候变暖,但冬小麦冻害防御仍不容忽视。

关键词: 气候变暖, 冬小麦, 冻害, 河北, 冬麦区

Abstract: Based on the observed experimental data of winter wheat and climate data of 23 agro-meteorological stations in Hebei province from 1981 to 2007,the variation and trend of winter wheat freezing injury under global warming was analyzed by statistic method.The results showed that the average temperature in winter and the minimum temperature during winter wheat overwinter time had increased significantly.There was no significant downtrend for the range of temperature dropping process when minimum temperature occurred.The negative accumulated temperature decreased obviously during the over-wintering period.The frequency of freezing injury decreased gradually after 1986,and no freezing injury occurred during 1995-2000.Freezing injury came back again from 2000,and acted as extensive temperature reducing at early winter and thawing-freezing damage.The main reasons of frequency rising in freezing injury were as follows,the uncertainty of climate change,abrupt variation of temperature,introducing of weaker winter wheat variety,acclimation shortening of cold resistance,weakening of its intensity,and unsuitable culture measures.Therefore,the prevention of winter wheat freezing injury should take more attention even under climate warming.

Key words: Climate warming, Climate warming, Winter wheat, Freezing injury, Hebei province, Winter wheat planting region