夜间增温对水稻生长、生理特性及产量构成的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2017.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2015年6-11月，在大田条件下采用铝箔反光膜覆盖对水稻（南粳46）进行夜间增温试验。试验设置夜间增温（NW）和对照（CK）两个处理，在水稻主要生育期（分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期）观测水稻分蘖数、叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、叶面积指数、光合作用和蒸腾作用参数以及产量构成（有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重）。结果表明：（1）铝箔反光膜覆盖达到了夜间增温的目的，整个生育期夜间水稻冠层平均气温比对照提高0.4℃。（2）夜间增温条件下，水稻分蘖数比对照平均每株减少4.33个；各生育期叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD值）分别下降0.2%、2.75%、6.31%、10.77%和32.03%，而叶面积指数差异不大。（3）NW处理各生育期水稻叶片的光合和蒸腾作用参数，包括净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著低于对照（P＜0.05）。（4）NW处理每穗粒数和有效穗数分别比对照低12.76%和19.02%，产量下降32.54%，千粒重增加3.93%。研究认为，夜间增温对水稻的生长及光合作用产生显著影响，在未来气候变化背景下，应进一步研究不同增温方式对水稻生产的影响及其模型模拟。

关键词: 夜间增温, 气候变化, 水稻, 净光合速率, 千粒重

Abstract: More attentions have been paid to the impacts of climate change on rice production around the world. In this paper, an aluminum foil reflective film was used to cover rice plants at night (19：00-6：00) daily for night warming excluding strong windy and rainy days from June to November in 2015 under field conditions. The experiment was designed with two treatments, night warming (NW) and control (CK, ambient temperature). An adjustable frame (2m×2m×2m) was used to place the aluminum foil reflective film over rice canopy. The height of the aluminum foil reflective film was adjusted weekly to keep a distance of 30 cm above rice canopy. The parameters of rice growth, photosynthesis and transpiration as well as yield components were measured at rice tillering stage, jointing stage, heading-flowering stage, grain-filling stage and maturity stage, respectively. The parameters included tiller number, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index, photosynthesis and transpiration parameters, and yield components (effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight). The results showed that, (1) air temperature over rice canopy at night was evidently increased by covering the canopy with aluminum foil reflective film, in other word, night warming (NW) treatment increased the canopy air temperature by 0.4℃ on average throughout rice growth period. (2) Compared with control, NW treatment reduced tiller number by 4.33, and decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD value) at tillering stage, jointing stage, heading-flowering stage, grain-filling stage and maturity stage by 0.2%, 2.75%, 6.31%, 10.77% and 32.03%, respectively. But had no obvious effect on leaf area index. (3) Night warming decreased significantly the net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance at different growth stages. (4) Night warming decreased grain number per panicle by 12.76%, effective panicles by 19.02% and yield by 32.54%, but increased 1000-grain weight by 3.93%. It is suggested that night warming affected significantly rice growth and photosynthesis, and further researches needed to investigate the effects of different warming treatments on rice production and to simulate its trend in the view of future climate change.

Key words: Night warming, Climate change, Rice, Net photosynthetic rate, 1000-grain weight

张祎玮，娄运生，朱怀卫，肇思迪，石一凡. 夜间增温对水稻生长、生理特性及产量构成的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2017, 38(02): 88-95.

ZHANG Yi-wei, LOU Yun-sheng, ZHU Huai-wei, ZHAO Si-di, SHI Yi-fan. Impacts of Night Warming on Rice Growth, Physiological Properties and Yield Components[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017, 38(02): 88-95.

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