Effects of Carbon Source and Bacillus megaterium on Soil Microbial Environment and N2O, CH4 Emission

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.06.004

Abstract

Abstract: The potted wheat experiment was conducted in September-October 2014, five treatments were set up as follows: regular nitrogen treatment(CK) nitrogen added with glucose (G), nitrogen added with glucose and Bacillus megaterium (GY), nitrogen added with straw(S), nitrogen added with straw and Bacillus megaterium(SY). Based on monitoring the changes of greenhouse gas emissions, soil carbon and nitrogen environment and microbial flora at seedling stage of wheat, the impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and soil microorganisms for different carbon sources and Bacillus megaterium were analyzed. The results showed:（1）there was no significant effect on carbon changes of soil microbial, but the soil microbial species and species diversity decreased with treatment of nitrogen added with glucose(G) and glucose and Bacillus megaterium (GY); While the N2O emissions was inhibited as the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were obviously inhibited in addition, the CH4 absorption of upland soil was promoted.（2）The nitrate nitrogen reduced significantly while the changes of N2O emissions was not obvious with treatment of nitrogen added with straw(S) at seeding stage of wheat. So the glucose which could provide organic carbon quickly was better than straw as carbon source to reflect the influence of that the huge bacillus could improve soil microbial flora, reduce the nitrate nitrogen generation and N2O emissions.

Key words: Carbon source, Bacillus megaterium, Wheat, Greenhouse gases emission, High-throughput sequencing

GAO Lin, PAN Zhi-hua, YANG Shu-yun, WANG Li-wei, XU Hui, DONG Zhi-qiang,ZHANG Jing-ting, HUANG Lei, ZHAO Hui, ZHANG Jun, PAN Yu-ying, HAN Guo-lin, FAN Dong-liang, WANG Jia-lin, WU Dong. Effects of Carbon Source and Bacillus megaterium on Soil Microbial Environment and N2O, CH4 Emission[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(06): 645-653.

References

[1]IPCC.Climate change 2014:impacts adaptation and vulnerability [M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2014. [2]李海波,韩晓增,王风.长期施肥条件下土壤碳氮循环过程研究进展[J].土壤通报,2007,38(2):384-388. Li H B,Han X Z,Wang F.Review of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling under long-term fertilization[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(2):384-388.(in Chinese) [3]Houghton J T,Meira Filho L G,Lim B.Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories,emission factor database (EFDB)[R].IPCC/OECD/IEA.UK Meteorological Office, Bracknell,1996.http://www. ipcc-nggip. iges.or.jp/ EFDB/find_ef main,2006. [4]赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会,等.北方农牧交错带的地理界定及其生态问题[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(5):739-747. Zhao H L,Zhao X Y,Zhang T H,et al.Boundary line on agro-pasture zigzag zone in north China and its problems on eco-environment[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2002, 17(5): 739-747.(in Chinese) [5]王效科,李长生,欧阳志云.温室气体排放与中国粮食生产[J].生态环境,2003,12(4):111-115. Wang X K,Li C S,Ouyang Z Y.Greenhouse gases emission and crop production[J].Ecology and Environment,2003, 12(4):111-115.(in Chinese) [6]谢立勇,叶丹丹,张贺,等.旱地土壤温室气体排放影响因子及减排增汇措施分析[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(4):481-487. Xie L Y,Ye D D,Zhang H,et al.Review of influence factors on greenhouse gases emission from upland soils and relevant adjustment practices[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2011,32(4):481-487.(in Chinese) [7]章永松,柴如山,付丽丽,等.中国主要农业源温室气体排放及减排对策[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2012, 38(1):97-107. Zhang Y S,Chai R S,Fu L L,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from major agricultural activities in China and corresponding mitigation strategies[J].Journal of University(Agric.&Life Sci.),2012,38(1):97-107.(in Chinese) [8]Avidanol L,Gamalero E,Cossa G P,et al.Characterization of soil health in an Italian polluted site by using microorganisms as bioindicator[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2005,30(1):21-33. [9]于丽,杨殿林,赖欣.养分管理对农田土壤微生物量的影响[J].微生物学杂志,2015,35(4):72-79. Yu L,Yang D Y,Lai X.Effects of nutrient management on soil microbial biomass in farmland[J].Journal of Microbiolology, 2015,35(4):1954-1960.(in Chinese) [10]胡雲飞,李荣林,杨亦扬.生物炭对茶园土壤CO2和N2O排放量及微生物特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015, 26(7):1954-1960. Hu Y F,Li R L,Yang Y Y.Effects of biochar on CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of tea garden soils[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015,26(7): 1954-1960.(in Chinese) [11]Takuya M,Haruo S,Toshio H.Effects of carbonaceous materials on the accumulation of readily mineralizable organic nitrogen in soil[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1980,26(2):185-190. [12]沈其荣,余玲,刘兆普,等.有机无机肥料配合施用对滨海盐土土壤生物量态氮及土壤供氮特征的影响[J].土壤学报,1994,31(3):287-294. Shen Q R,Yu L,Liu Z P,et al.Effects of combining application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on biomass nitrogen and nitrogen supplying characteristics of coastal saline soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1994,31(3): 287-294.(in Chinese) [13]侯彦林,王曙光,郭伟.尿素施肥量对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2004,35(3):303-306. Hou Y L,Wang S G,Guo W.Effect of urea application amount on microbes and enzymes in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(3):303-306.(in Chinese) [14]Ocio J A,Brookes P C,Jenkinson D S.Field incorporation of straw and its effects on soil microbial biomass and soil inorganic N[J].Soil Biol. Biochem,1991,23(2):171-176. [15]卜洪震,王丽宏,尤金成,等.长期施肥管理对红壤稻田土壤微生物量碳和微生物多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2010,43(16):3340-3347. Bu H Z,Wang L H,You J C,et al.Impact of long-term fertilization on the microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial communities in paddy red soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(16):3340-3347.(in Chinese) [16]Lovell R D,Hatch D J.Stimulation of microbial activity following spring application of nitrogen[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1997,26(1):28-30. [17]徐万里,唐光木,葛春辉,等.长期施肥对新疆灰漠土土壤微生物群落结构与功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2015, 35(2):468-477. Xu W L,Tang G M,Ge C H,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on diversities of soil microbial community structure and function in grey desert soil of Xinjiang[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(2):468-477.(in Chinese) [18]张明,白震,张威,等.长期施肥农田黑土微生物量碳、氮季节性变化[J].生态环境,2007,16(5):1498-1503. Zhang M,Bai Z,Zhang W,et al.Seasonal change of the long-term fertilization on microbial biomass C and N of arable Mollisol[J].Ecology and Environment,2007, 16(5): 1498-1503.(in Chinese) [19]Johnson D,Leake J R,Read D J.Liming and nitrogen fertilization affects phosphatase activities, microbial biomass and mycorrhizal colonization in upland grassland[J].Plant and Soil,2005,271(1-2):157-164. [20]Dijkstra F A,Hobbie S E,Reich P B,et al.Divergent effects of elevated CO2,N fertilization, and plant diversity on soil C and N dynamics in a grassland field experiment[J].Plant and Soil,2005,272(1-2):41-52. [21]张瑞,张贵龙,姬艳艳,等.不同施肥措施对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):277-282. Zhang R,Zhang G L,Ji Y Y,et al.Effects of different fertilizer application on soil active organic carbon[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(1):277-282.(in Chinese) [22]张星,张晴雯,刘杏认,等.施用生物炭对农田土壤氮素转化关键过程的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(6):709-716. Zhang X,Zhang Q W,Liu X R,et al.Effects of biochar on the key soil nitrogen transformation processes in agricultural soil[J].Chinese Journal of Agronmeteorology,2015,36(6): 709-716.(in Chinese) [23]陈婧媛,朱秀慧,巩菲丽,等.碳源对硝化细菌的影响研究[J].燃料与化工,2012,43(5):41-42. Chen J Y,Zhu X H,Gong F L,et al.Study on effect of carbon source on nitrifying bacteria[J].Fuel & Chemical Processes, 2012,43(5):41-42.(in Chinese) [24]Marschnera P,Kandelerb E,Marschner B.Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003, 35(3):453-461. [25]Hooker B A,Morris T F,PetersR,et al.Long-term effects of tillage and corn stalk return on soil carbon dynamics[J].Soil Science Society of America,2005,69(1):188-196. [26]DeboszaK,Peter H R,Pedersena A R.Temporal variations in microbial biomass C and cellulolytic enzyme activity in arable soils:effects of organic matter input[J].Applied Soil Ecology,1999,13(3):209-218. [27]师宏魁.玉米秸秆整株还田秸秆分解速率及还田效应[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003. Shi H K.The decomposition rate and field effects after the retuning of whole maize stalk into farmland[D].Beijing: China Agriculture University,2003.(in Chinese) [28]宋贺,王成雨,陈清,等.长期秸秆还田对设施菜田土壤反硝化特征和N2O排放的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014, 35(6):628-634. Song H,Wang C Y,Chen Q,et al.Effect of long-term amendment of residue on denitrification characteristics and N2O emissions in greenhouse soil[J].Chinese Journal of Agronmeteorology,2014,35(6):628-634.(in Chinese) [29]范靖尉,白晋华,任寰宇,等.减氮和施生物炭对华北夏玉米-冬小麦田土壤CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(2):121-130. Fan J W,Bai J H,Ren H Y,et al.Effect of reducing nitrogen and biochar application on CO2 and N2O emissions from summer maize-winter wheat field in North China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agronmeteorology,2016,37(2): 121-130. (in Chinese)