中国农业气象 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (01): 74-79.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2014.01.011

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

覆膜和垄作对黄土高原马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响

薛俊武,任稳江,严昌荣   

  1. 1甘肃省会宁县农牧局,会宁730799;2中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-24 出版日期:2014-02-20 发布日期:2015-02-10
  • 作者简介:薛俊武(1978-),甘肃会宁人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事农业技术推广工作。Email:gshnxjw@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家“十一五”科技支撑课题“旱地农田高效用水关键技术研究与典型示范”(2012BAD09B01)

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Ridge Planting on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato in Loess Plateau

XUE Jun wu,REN Wen jiang,YAN Chang rong   

  1. 1Huining Bureau of Agriculture and Husbandry in Gansu Province, Huining 730799, China;2Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081
  • Received:2013-05-24 Online:2014-02-20 Published:2015-02-10

摘要: 在大田设置不同覆盖方式和沟垄种植试验,以露地平作为对照,通过测定不同处理下马铃薯的出苗率、产量和土壤含水量等指标,分析覆膜和垄作的影响效果。结果表明,(1)覆膜处理马铃薯出苗率和株高明显高于对照(P<0.05),其中,覆膜垄作效果最明显,比对照高出11.72%~14.94%和10.65~12.35cm。(2)与对照相比,覆膜处理均能提高马铃薯田的土壤含水量和水分利用效率(P<0.05),覆膜垄作比覆膜平作效果更显著(P<0.05)。(3)覆膜处理可明显提高马铃薯产量(P<0.05),再加上垄作对马铃薯薯块的增产效果更明显。所有处理均提高了马铃薯的商品率(P<0.05),覆膜垄作处理比覆膜平作提高幅度更大。因此,在黄土高原旱地采用覆膜垄作方式种植马铃薯可显著增加产量并提高水分利用效率,而全覆单垄种植方式的经济效益更高。

关键词: 黄土高原, 旱地马铃薯, 单垄和双垄, 覆膜方式

Abstract: Different treatments of plastic film mulching and ridge-burrow cropping models were set, and bared ground planting was set as control.Our main results were: (1)compared to convention planting,the emergence rate and the height of potato were significantly improved by plastic film mulching(P<0.05).The highest values emerged in the treatment of plastic film mulching with ridge planting,in which the emergence rate and the height of potato were improved by 11.72%-14.94% and 10.65cm-12.35cm respectively.(2)Soil water moisture and WUE were also improved by plastic film mulching (P<0.05), and corresponding values in treatment of plastic film mulching with ridge planting were higher than without ridge planting (P<0.05).(3)Plastic film mulching improved the potato yield (P<0.05), and in treatment with ridge planting, the extent of improvement were higher.All treatments improved the commodity rate of potato (P<0.05), and value in treatment of plastic film mulching with ridge planting was also higher than without ridge planting.In conclusion, plastic film mulching and ridge planting could increase the yield and WUE of rainfed potato evidently, and whole mulching with single ridge has more economic benefit in Loess Plateau.

Key words: Loess Plateau, Potato in rainfed field, Single and double ridges, Mulching model