秦淮河流域土地利用/覆被变化对蒸散量变化的贡献

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估城市化造成的土地利用/覆被类型变化（Land use/cover change，LUCC）对流域尺度蒸散量变化的影响，选取长三角地区秦淮河流域为研究区，基于Landsat系列卫星数据和站点气象数据，构建决策树模型，提取2000年和2013年土地利用/覆被类型数据，同时借助SEBAL模型估算研究区四季典型日（春季：2014-05-26、夏季：2013-08-11、秋季：2013-10-14、冬季：2014-01-02）栅格尺度蒸散，探讨2000?2013年秦淮河流域主要土地利用/覆被类型间转化过程对流域尺度日蒸散量变化的贡献。结果表明：（1）相较于2000年，2013年秦淮河流域不透水面增加183.8%，而水稻田、旱地、林地和水域分别减少19.1%、10.7%、12.8%和9.5%。2000-2013年主要土地利用/覆被类型转化方向包括水稻田→不透水面、旱地→不透水面、水稻田→旱地和旱地→水稻田，转化面积分别为208、168、282和232km2；（2）仅考虑LUCC的影响，对比2000年，2013年研究区流域尺度日蒸散总量在四季典型日分别减少134万、109万、60万和5万m3。在春、夏、秋三季典型日，水稻田和旱地向不透水面转化过程造成的贡献率分别为-58.5%、-59.5%、-54.4%和-35.1%、-36.3%、-39.8%，负贡献会抵消旱地向水稻田转化过程造成的正贡献（分别为16.8%、16.3%、5.7%），导致春、夏、秋三季典型日流域尺度日蒸散量下降；而在冬季典型日，水稻田向不透水面、旱地向不透水面和水稻田向旱地转化过程造成的负贡献（分别为-48.8%、-20.5%和-31.8%）会抵消旱地向水稻田转化过程造成的正贡献（26.1%），导致冬季典型日流域尺度日蒸散量下降。总体而言，2000?2013年秦淮河流域城市化带来土地利用/覆被的显著变化，使蒸散较高的水稻田和旱地向蒸散较低的不透水面大面积转化，导致流域尺度日蒸散量在四季均呈下降趋势。

关键词: 蒸散, SEBAL模型, 土地利用/覆被变化, 秦淮河流域, Landsat卫星影像

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the impact of land use/cover change (LUCC) caused by the urbanization on the variation of basin-scale evapotranspiration (ET), the Qinhuai River basin in the Yangtze River Delta was selected as the research area. Based on the images of Landsat satellites in 2000 and 2013, the land use/cover maps of Qinhuai River basin were extracted by using the decision tree model, and the grid-scale ET in typical day of each season (spring: 2014-05-26, summer:2013-08-11, autumn:2013-10-14, winter:2014-01-02) were estimated by using the SEBAL model. The contributions of LUCC in 2000?2013 to the variation of ET were then analyzed. The results showed that: (1) compared to that in the year of 2000, the area of built-up land increased by 183.8%, while the areas of paddy rice field, dry land, woodland and water separately decreased by 19.1%, 10.7%, 12.8% and 9.5%. The main conversions between different land uses included paddy rice field→built-up land, dry land→built-up land, paddy rice field→dry land and dry land→paddy rice field, with the areas of 208, 168, 282 and 232km2, respectively. (2) Only with the regard to the impact of LUCC, the total daily ET at basin scale separately decreased by 13.4×105, 10.9×105, 6.0×105 and 0.5×105m3 in typical day of each season in 2013, when compared to that in 2000. In typical days of spring, summer and autumn, the positive contributions caused by the conversion from dry land to paddy rice field (16.8%, 16.3%, 5.7%, respectively) were overwhelmed by the negative contributions caused by the conversions from paddy rice field and dry land to the built-up land (-58.5%,-59.5%, -54.4% and -35.1%, -36.3%, -39.8%, respectively), which led to the decreased ET at basin scale. However, in the typical day of winter, the positive contribution caused by the conversion from dry land to paddy rice field (26.1%) was overwhelmed by the negative contributions caused by the conversions from paddy rice field to built-up land, dry land to built-up land and paddy rice field to dry land (-48.8%, -20.5%, -31.8%, respectively), which led to the decreased ET at basin scale. In a word, rapid urbanization in Qinhuai River basin caused the large-scale conversion from paddy rice field and dry land both with high ET to the built-up land with low ET, and then led to the decreased basin-scale ET in all seasons during 2000?2013.

Key words: Evapotranspiration, SEBAL model, Land use/cover change, Qinhuai River basin, Landsat satellite image

秦孟晟，郝璐，郑箐舟，金楷仑，孙阁. 秦淮河流域土地利用/覆被变化对蒸散量变化的贡献[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(05): 269-283.

QIN Meng-sheng, HAO Lu, ZHENG Qing-zhou, JIN Kai-lun, SUN Ge. Contributions of Land Use/Cover Change to the Change of Evapotranspiration in Qinhuai River Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(05): 269-283.

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