猪场沼渣与玉米芯混合槽式堆肥氨气排放特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2020.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 堆肥既是粪便资源化利用处理的主要方式之一，也是重要的农业氨气排放源。针对猪粪沼渣堆肥的现场研究较少，实际生产过程中氨气排放数据缺乏，排放特征不明确的问题，开展了猪粪沼渣与玉米芯混合堆肥氨气排放特征的现场试验研究。本研究在实际槽式堆肥车间构建实时在线气体监测系统，对生猪养殖场沼渣槽式好氧堆肥车间氨气浓度变化进行连续监测，测算堆体氨气排放通量，分析氨气排放特征。结果显示：堆肥38d内槽式好氧堆肥车间氨气浓度变化范围为0.85～22.40mgm-3，平均3.63mgm-3。由于翻堆对氨气扩散的促进作用，白天堆肥氨气浓度高于夜间，12：00-16：00氨气排放浓度最高（6.77±4.37mgm-3），其次为16：00-20：00（4.26±2.07mgm-3）和8：00-12：00（3.62±1.46mgm-3）；堆肥车间单位体积堆肥原料的氨气排放通量为50.25～196.59mg·m-3·h-1，平均103.99mg·m-3·h-1，整个38d堆肥过程的氨气排放量为94.84gm-3。研究结果将为猪粪堆肥过程氨气的控制及减排措施的制定提供科学依据。

关键词: 槽式堆肥, 氨气排放, 猪粪, 沼渣

Abstract: Composting is a promising way of animal manure treatment and a major source of ammonia (NH3) emissions. However, such studies related to swine manure biogas residue were few and the NH3 emissions data from the field processing were still lacked. To fill this research gap, NH3 emissions from an industrial trough composting system treating swine manure biogas residue and corn cob were investigated in this study. A real-time online gas monitoring system was established to continuously monitor the changes of NH3 concentrations in the plant, calculate the NH3 emission flux and analyze the characteristics of NH3 emissions. Results showed that NH3 concentrations in the composting plant during a composting period (38 days) ranged from 0.85 to 22.40mgm-3, with a mean value of 3.63±1.34mgm-3. The NH3 concentration in the first two weeks(4.70±3.64mg·m-3) was significantly higher than that in the last two weeks(3.00±1.49mg·m-3), and the concentration was higher than the limit value of the emission standard for odor pollutants in most time. Due to the impact of ambient temperature and compost turning, the NH3 concentrations in the daytime were higher than that in the nighttime, with the highest mean value of 6.77±4.37mgm-3 during time of 12：00-16：00, followed by 4.26±2.07mgm-3 during 16：00-20：00, and 3.62±1.46mgm-3 during 8：00-12：00. In this plant, NH3 emission flux per volume unit of compost was 50.25 to 103.99mg·m-3·h-1, with an mean value of 103.99±37.93mg·m-3·h-1. During the whole composting process, the NH3 emission per unit of compost was 94.84gm-3. The conclusions indicate that the NH3 concentrations in the composting plant are primarily impacted by the raw materials and the ventilation and management system. It is suggested to choose appropriate emission reduction measures based on the NH3 concentrations and operational parameters in the actual production process. Results of this study can provide scientific support for the control of NH3 emissions during swine manure composting.

Key words: Trough composting, Ammonia emission, Swine manure, Biogas residue

中图分类号:

余鑫，郑云昊，朱志平，张羽，曹起涛. 猪场沼渣与玉米芯混合槽式堆肥氨气排放特征[J]. 中国农业气象, 2020, 41(03): 138-145.

YU Xin, ZHENG Yun-hao, ZHU Zhi-ping, ZHANG Yu, CAO Qi-tao. Characteristics of Ammonia Emissions from Trough Composting of Swine Manure Biogas Residue and Corn Cob[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2020, 41(03): 138-145.

参考文献

[1] 沈玉君,张朋月,赵立欣,等.猪粪好氧发酵过程中挥发性有机物组分分析及致臭因子的确定[J].农业工程学报,2016(4): 205-210. Shen Y J,Zhang P Y,Zhao L X,etal.Component analysis of volatile organic compounds and determination of key odor in pig manure aerobic fermentation process[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016(4):205-210.(in Chinese) [2] 王悦,董红敏,朱志平.畜禽废弃物管理过程中碳氮气体排放及控制技术研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2013(5): 143-149. Wang Y,Dong H M,Zhu Z P.Research progress on C、N related gas emissions and mitigation technology in animal waste management[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013(5):143-149.(in Chinese) [3] Wu Y Y,Gu B J,Erisman J W,et al.PM2.5 pollution is substantially affected by ammonia emissions in China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2016,218:86-94. [4] 丁钢强,韩圣慧,袁玉玲,等.冬季猪粪固体堆放过程中NH3、N2O和NO排放特征研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(7): 2807-2815. Ding G Q,Han S H,Yuan Y L,et al.Emissions of NH3,N2O,and NO from swine manure solid storage in winter[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(7):2807-2815.(in Chinese) [5] Szanto G L,Hamelers H V,Rulkens W H,et al.NH3,N2O and CH4 emissions during passively aeratedcomposting of straw-rich pig manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2007, 98(14):2659-2670. [6] Wang X,Bai Z H,YaoY,etal.Composting with negative pressure aeration for the mitigation of ammonia emissions and global warming potential[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,195:448-457. [7] 荣荣,郑育声,杨林生,等.生物炭对鸡粪堆肥过程中氨气排放的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2019,47(3):236-240. Rong R,Zheng Y S,Yang L S,etal.Effects of biochar on ammonia emission in chicken manure composting[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2019,47(3):236-240.(in Chinese) [8] 罗一鸣,李国学,Frank Schuchardt,等.过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用[J].农业工程学报,2012, 28(22):235-242. Luo Y M,Li G X,Frank S,et al.Effects of additive superphosphate on NH3,N2O and CH4 emissions during pig manure composting[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(22): 235-242.(in Chinese) [9] 朱新梦,董雯怡,王洪媛,等.牛粪堆肥方式对温室气体和氨气排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):258-264. Zhu X M,Dong W Y,Wang H Y,et al.Effects of cattle manure composting methods on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(10):258-264. (in Chinese) [10] 唐哲仁,李红娜,黄亚丽,等.一种生物矿质复合材料对猪粪堆肥品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(6):388-396. Tang Z R,Li H N,Huang Y L,et al.Effects of a bio-mineral composite material on composting quality of pig manure[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2017,38(6): 388-396.(in Chinese) [11] Bernal M P,Alburquerque J A,Moral R.Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment:a review[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22): 5444-5453. [12] 中华人民共和国农业农村部.NY525-2012中华人民共和国农业行业标准-有机肥料[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2012. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairsof the People's Republic of China.NY525-2012 Agricultural industry standard- Organic fertilizer[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012.(in Chinese) [13] 杨国义,夏钟文,李芳柏,等.不同通风方式对猪粪高温堆肥氮素和碳素变化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,(4): 463-467. Yang G Y,Xia Z W,Li F B,et al.Transformation of nitrogen and carbon during pig manure composting under different aeration modes at high-temperature[J].Journal of the Agro-Environmental Science,2003,(4):463-467.(in Chinese) [14] Wang K,Wu Y Q,Li W Q,et al.Insight into effects of mature compost recycling on N2O emission and denitrification genes in sludge composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2018, 251:320-326. [15] 中华人民共和国国家环境保护局.GB 14554-93 恶臭污染物排放标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1993. National Environmental Protection Bureau of the People's Republic of China.GB 14554-93 Emission standards for odorpollutants[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1993.(in Chinese) [16] 赵晨阳,李洪枚,魏源送,等.翻堆频率对猪粪条垛堆肥过程温室气体和氨气排放的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(2): 533-540. Zhao C Y,Li H M,Wei Y S,et al.Effects of turning frequency on emission of greenhouse gas and ammonia during swine manure windrow composting[J].Environmental Science, 2014,35(2):533-540.(in Chinese) [17] 江滔,Schuchardt Frank,李国学.冬季堆肥中翻堆和覆盖对温室气体和氨气排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011, 27(10):212-217. Jiang T,Frank S,Li G X.Effect of turning and covering on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions during the winter composting[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(10): 212-217.(in Chinese) [18] 周谈龙.猪粪和死猪堆肥过程气体排放特征及生物过滤技术控制效果[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017:1-64. Zhou T L.Characteristics of gas emission during composting of manure and dead pig and effect of biofiltrationtechnology[D]. Beijing:ChineseAcademy of Agricultural Sciences,2017: 1-64.(in Chinese) [19] 朱海生,左福元,董红敏,等.堆体规模对牛粪堆肥氨气和温室气体排放的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(5):77-84. Zhu H S,Zuo F Y,Dong H M,etal.Effect of pile scale on emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gas during cattle manure composting[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition),2018,46(5):77-84.(in Chinese) [20] He Z,Lin H,Hao J,et al.Impact of vermiculite on ammonia emissions and organic matter decomposition of food waste during composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,263: 548-554. [21] 周谈龙,尚斌,董红敏,等.低碳氮比条件下猪粪堆肥氨气和温室气体排放[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(11):689-698. Zhou T L,Shang B,Dong H M,et al.Emission characteristics of ammonia and greenhouse gas during the low C/N ratio swine manure composting[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2017,38(11):689-698.(in Chinese) [22] 陈是吏,袁京,李国学,等.过磷酸钙和双氰胺联用减少污泥堆肥温室气体及NH3排放[J].农业工程学报,2017,(6): 206-213. Chen S L,Yuan J,Li G X,et al.Combination of superphosphate and dicyandiamide decreasing greenhouse gas and NH3 emissions during sludge composting[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,(6):206-213.(in Chinese) [23] 李冰,王昌全,江连强,等.有机辅料对猪粪堆肥中氨气挥发的抑制效应及其影响因素分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,(5):987-993. Li B,Wang C Q,Jiang L Q,et al.Inhibitory effect of auxiliary organic materials on ammonia volatilization in composting and the influencing factors[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,(5):987-993.(in Chinese) [24] Fillingham M A,Vander Z A C,Burtt S,et al.Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from production of compost bedding on a dairy farm[J].Waste Management,2017, 70:45-52.