中国农业气象 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 571-583.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2024.06.001

• 农业生态环境栏目 •    下一篇

不同种类改性纤维素与生物炭配施对黄淮海平原土壤的改良效果

王志炜, 魏宇，刘宏元, 王春鑫, 陈峰, 赵光昕   

  1. 1.山东省国土生态修复中心，济南 250100；2.山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所，济南 250100；3.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081；4.北京科技大学天津学院，天津 301830
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-17 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-17
  • 作者简介:王志炜，E-mail：wangzhiwei01@shandong.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业科学院横向课题“黄河流域生态型水田建设工程技术标准建设”（SDMLZY2203-01）；山东省农 业科学院农业科技创新工程（CXGC2023B01；CXGC2023F14）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费（BSRF202203）

Effects of Different Kinds of Combined Application of Modified Cellulose and Biochar on Soil Improvement in the Huanghuaihai Plain

WANG Zhi-wei, WEI Yu, LIU Hong-yuan, WANG Chun-xin, CHEN Feng, ZHAO Guang-xin   

  1. 1. Shandong Provincial Territorial Spatial Ecological Restoration Center, Jinan 250100, China; 2. Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100; 3. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; 4. Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830
  • Received:2023-07-17 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-17

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摘要： 在人工气候温室，以旱稻为供试作物，以改性纤维素和生物炭为土壤改良剂，采用盆栽实验，分析改性纤维素、生物炭以及二者配施对土壤理化性质、养分、水分以及旱稻萌发的影响。实验设置对照组CK（不添加改性纤维素和生物炭）、施加质量分数为0.05%的3种改性纤维素（CMC-NH4、CMC-Na和CMC-K，分别标记为A1、B1和C1）、施加质量分数为0.10%的3种改性纤维素（分别标记为A2、B2和C2）、施加质量分数为0.50%的生物炭（D1）、质量分数为0.05%的3种改性纤维素与质量分数为0.50%的生物炭配施（分别标记为A1D1、B1D1和C1D1）、质量分数为0.10%的3种改性纤维素与质量分数为0.50%的生物炭配施（分别标记为A2D1、B2D1和C2D1），共14个处理，测定不同处理对土壤理化性质、养分、水分流失量、旱稻萌发的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，A1和A2处理均可以降低土壤pH值，分别达0.20和0.17个单位，而B1、B2、C2和D1处理均可以增加土壤pH值，分别达0.32、0.43、0.20和0.42个单位；与单施改性纤维素相比，CMC-NH4和CMC-K与生物炭配施有增加土壤pH的趋势，而CMC-Na与生物炭配施对土壤pH无显著影响。与CK相比，A1、A2、B1和B2处理均可以显著增加土壤紧实度，分别达13.69%、22.90%、99.66%和113.58%；单施3种改性纤维素均在不同程度增加了土壤成块性和土壤表层结皮；A1D1、A2D1、B1D1和B2D1处理均可以在一定程度上降低土壤紧实度，分别达8.88%、11.78%、14.95%和14.24%，同时与单施改性纤维素相比，A1D1、A2D1、B1D1、B2D1、C1D1和C2D1处理也可以降低土壤表层结皮厚度，分别降低了52.55%、60.59%、29.94%、38.65%、43.54%和45.20%。与CK相比，A2和A2D1处理均可以显著增加土壤铵态氮含量，分别达275.84%和48.99%；而C1、C2、C1D1和C2D1处理均显著降低了土壤铵态氮含量，分别达51.01%、53.02%、41.61%和45.64%。单施3种改性纤维素和生物炭均在不同程度上增加了土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量，分别达9.01%～47.66%、17.94%～62.46%和11.44%～88.76%；而3种改性纤维素与生物炭配施也均增加了土壤硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量，分别达22.80%～34.87%、21.84%～64.20%和10.04%～95.72%，整体来看，3种改性纤维素与生物炭配施更有利于土壤养分的增加。与CK相比，仅A2D1、B1D1和B2D1处理显著降低了累计土壤水分流失量，分别达8.86%、6.33%和6.33%，其余处理无显著差异。与CK相比，A1、B1、C1和BC处理均可以显著增加旱稻生物量，分别达203.88%、133.49%、111.16%和18.93%；单施3种高剂量改性纤维素处理中，仅C2处理显著增加了旱稻地上部生物量，达71.84%；A1D1、A2D1、B1D1、B2D1、C1D1和C2D1处理均可以显著增加旱稻地上部生物量，分别达225.24%、147.57%、143.20%、138.83%、125.73%和119.90%。综合来看，质量分数为0.05%的3种改性纤维素与质量分数为0.50%的生物炭配施可以更有效改善土壤结构、增加土壤养分和旱稻地上部生物量，可以作为旱地土壤改良手段。

关键词: 改性纤维素, 生物炭, 土壤养分, 土壤保水性, 生物量

Abstract: The persistent scarcity of water resources and suboptimal nutrient utilization rates are predominant challenges in agricultural production, both in China and globally. The modified cellulose and biochar have good functions of retaining water and fertilizer in soil. Authors employed these substances as soil amendments, investigating their individual and combined effects on the soil's physicochemical properties, nutrient content, moisture, and the germination of upland rice. The experiment was conducted in an artificial climate greenhouse, using upland rice as the test crop. A pot experiment was established with a control group CK (no modified cellulose or biochar), three types of modified cellulose (CMC-NH4, CMC-Na and CMC-K) each at a 0.05% mass fraction (labelled A1, B1 and C1), a 0.10% mass fraction (labelled A2, B2 and C2), and 0.50% biochar (D1), combinations of three modified celluloses at 0.05% and 0.10% mass fractions were used with 0.50% biochar (labeled A1D1, B1D1, C1D1, A2D1, B2D1 and C2D1) across 14 treatments. These treatments on soil's physicochemical properties (pH, compactness, surface crust thickness), nutrients (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium), water loss, and upland rice germination (plant height, above-ground biomass) were analyzed. The results showed that: relative to CK, the A1 and A2 treatments reduced soil pH by 0.20 and 0.17 unit, respectively, whereas the B1, B2, C2 and D1 treatments increased it by 0.32, 0.43, 0.20 and 0.42 unit, respectively. CMC-NH4 and CMC-K combined with biochar showed a tendency to increase soil pH, in contrast to CMC-Na combined with biochar, which had no significant impact. Compared with CK, the A1, A2, B1 and B2 treatments notably enhanced soil compactness by 13.69%, 22.90%, 99.66% and 113.58%, respectively. Each modified cellulose type, when applied singly, variably increased soil clumping and surface crust formation. The A1D1, A2D1, B1D1 and B2D1 treatments moderately reduced soil compactness (8.88%, 11.78%, 14.95% and 14.24%), and when combined with biochar, also diminished the surface crust thickness of the soil (52.55%, 60.59%, 29.94%, 38.65%, 43.54% and 45.20%). Notably, the A2 and A2D1 treatments increased soil ammonium nitrogen by 275.84% and 48.99%, respectively, while the C1, C2, C1D1 and C2D1 treatments significantly reduced it (51.01%, 53.02%, 41.61% and 45.64%). The application of modified cellulose and biochar, either singly or in combination, enhanced the soil content of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (ranging from 9.01% to 95.72%). The combined application proved more beneficial for increasing soil nutrients. Only the A2D1, B1D1 and B2D1 treatments significantly lessened cumulative soil water loss (8.86%, 6.33% and 6.33%), with no notable differences in the other treatments. The A1, B1, C1 and BC treatments considerably augmented the biomass of upland rice, achieving increases of 203.88%, 133.49%, 111.16% and 18.93%, respectively. Among the high-dose modified cellulose treatments, only C2 significantly raised the aboveground biomass of upland rice by 71.84%. The combined treatments A1D1, A2D1, B1D1, B2D1, C1D1 and C2D1 notably enhanced the aboveground biomass of upland rice (225.24%, 147.57%, 143.20%, 138.83%, 125.73% and 119.90%). Overall, the synergistic application of 0.05% modified cellulose with 0.50% biochar markedly improves soil structure, boosts nutrient content, and enhances the aboveground biomass of upland rice. This combination is a promising approach for soil amelioration in arid regions.

Key words: Modified celluloser, Biochar, Soil?nutrient, Soil water retention, Biomass

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