中国农业气象 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 584-593.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2024.06.002

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同播期下高温对江西早稻灌浆结实及产量的影响

段里成,郭瑞鸽,蔡哲,杨军,龚琦,张崇华   

  1. 1.江西省农业气象中心,南昌 330096;2.江西省气象科学研究所,南昌 330096;3.南昌国家气候观象台,南昌 330200
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-17
  • 作者简介:段里成,E-mail:18070514389@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300203);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J057)江西省气象局面上项目 (JX2023M07);国家自然科学基金(41965008);江西省气象局重点项目(JX2021Z05);南昌市农业气象重点 实验室开放研究基金(2022NNZS101)

Effects of High Temperature on Grain Filling and Yield of Early Season Rice under Different Sowing Dates in Jiangxi

DUAN Li-cheng, GUO Rui-ge, CAI Zhe, YANG Jun, GONG Qi, ZHANG Chong-hua   

  1. 1.Jiangxi Agricultural Meteorology Center, Nanchang 330096, China; 2.Meteorological Science Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330096; 3. Nanchang National Climate Observatory, Nanchang 330200
  • Received:2023-07-10 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-17

摘要: 以江西主栽常规籼稻品种为试验材料,于2022年在南昌县进行分期播种试验,4个播期分别为3月11日(B1)、3月24日(B2,常规播期)、4月5日(B3)和4月15日(B4),分析大田高温对早稻抽穗、灌浆及产量的影响,以历史气象数据(1961−2022年)对不同播期下的高温发生情况进行对比分析。结果表明:随着播期推迟,早稻产量、结实率和千粒重均呈下降趋势,高温日数与产量、结实率、千粒重呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),3月11日播期下,早稻产量显著高于3月24日及以后各播期处理。高温虽提高了早稻抽穗后10~15d灌浆速率,但不利于抽穗15d后较高灌浆速率的维持。4个播期下早稻生育期内,1961−2022年早稻灌浆期高温日数B4播期明显高于B1;2000年后各播期处理生育期内早稻抽穗灌浆期高温日数呈明显增加趋势;江西早稻高温易发区与早稻主要种植区高度重合。江西早稻种植区可适当提早播种,以减轻高温带来的不利影响。

关键词: 高温, 早稻, 灌浆速率, 产量, 生育期

Abstract: To reveal the impact of high temperature on grain filling and yield of early season rice, an experiment with four sowing dates was conducted in 2022 in Nanchang, Jiangxi province, with four sowing dates, in which the Xiangzaoxian45 rice variety was used. The four sowing dates were March 11 (denoted as B1), March 24 (denoted as B2, regular sowing date), April 5 (denoted as B3), April 15 (denoted as B4), and analyzed the variation characteristics of the high temperature days during the heading and filling period of early season rice in Jiangxi in past 62 years (1961−2022) under four sowing dates. The results showed a downward trend in yields, seed set rates and 1000-grain weights as the planting date was pushed back. The high temperature days had a significant negative correlation with yield, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight (P<0.05). Yields sown on March 11 were significantly higher than yields sown after March 5. Although high temperature increased the early season rice grain filling rate 10−15 days after heading, it was not conducive to maintaining the grain filling rate after 15 days. During the four sowing growth periods, high temperature days in B4 were significantly higher than in B1 during the grain filling period of the early season rice from 1961 to 2022. Since 2000, there had been a significant increase in the number of high temperature days during the head and grain filling phases of early season rice. The high temperature prone area overlaps with Jiangxi main early season rice growing area. Therefore, to reduce the impact of high temperature damage on the yield of early season rice, early season rice planting areas could be properly sown earlier to reduce the adverse effects of high temperatures.

Key words: High temperature, Early season rice, Grain filling rate, Yield, Growth period