关键词: 有机肥, 胡麻, 光合特性, 籽粒产量, 品质

Abstract:

 In the arid and semi−arid regions of Northwest China, establishing effective nutrient management measures is crucial to optimize the growth of oilseed flax plants and improve yield and quality. In order to investigate the high−yield green cultivation technology to enhance the yield and quality of dryland oilseed flax, the effects of chemical fertilizer (T2), chicken manure organic fertilizer (T3), mushroom residue organic fertilizer (T4), bio−organic fertilizer (T5) and humic acid organic fertilizer (T6) on the accumulation of dry matter, photosynthetic characteristics and quality of oilseed flax were comparatively analyzed through a randomized block trial in the field, with no fertilizer application (T1) as the control treatment. The results showed that the leaf area under different fertilization treatments was higher than that of the control in different reproductive periods, the total chlorophyll content of T3 treatment at the flowering stage was significantly higher than that of other treatments by 14.09%−31.47%, and the photosynthetic potential of leaves under T3 treatment at the flowering to fruiting stage was significantly higher than that of other treatments by 5.42%−28.36%. Organic fertilizer could promote the dry matter accumulation in each reproductive period of oilseed flax, the dry matter accumulation of T3 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments by 3.80%−17.37% at the green fruit stage, and the organic fertilizer promoted the transport of leaf photosynthesis products to the seed, and the percentage of dry matter in the leaves was reduced in this period. Application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the number of capsules, thousand grain weight and single plant yield, T3 treatment under the seed yield was significantly higher than other treatments 5.33%−43.64%, and significantly increased the oil content of the seed 1.66%−2.58% and linolenic acid content of 2.62%−6.52%, improving the quality of oilseed flax. In summary, the local organic fertilizer is conducive to optimize the photosynthetic characteristics of oilseed flax, improve seed yield and quality, can be used as suitable for high−yield and high−quality cultivation of oilseed flax in the arid and semi−arid areas of the northwest fertilization management techniques.

Key words: Organic fertilizer, Flax, Photosynthetic characteristics, Grain yield, Quality