中国农业气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1383-1394.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2025.10.001

• 农业气候资源与气候变化栏目 •    下一篇

吉林省干湿气候时空变化特征及成因分析

任景全,刘玉汐,吴玉洁,穆佳,刘聪,高岩,王冬妮,余清波   

  1. 1.吉林省气象科学研究所/吉林省农业气象灾害风险评估与防控科技创新中心,长春 130062;2.吉林省气象台,长春 130062;3.吉林省气象信息网络中心,长春 130062
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-16
  • 作者简介:任景全,E-mail:renjingquan1988@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技发展计划项目(20240304135SF;20210203153SF)

Characteristics and Causes of Spatiotemporal Variation of Dry-wet Climate in Jilin Province

REN Jing-quan, LIU Yu-xi, WU Yu-jie, MU Jia, LIU Cong, GAO Yan, WANG Dong-ni, YU Qing-bo   

  1. 1.Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province/Jilin Province Science and Technology Innovation Center of Agro- meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China; 2.Jilin Meteorological Observatory, Changchun 130062; 3.Jilin Meteorological Information Network Center, Changchun 130062
  • Received:2024-12-06 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-16

摘要:

根据19612021年吉林省46个气象站逐日气象数据计算干燥度指数(Aridity indexAI,采用线性倾向估计和基于ArcGIS10.2的反距离加权空间插值方法分析AI的时空变化特征,并利用贡献率分析法对AI变化成因进行分析,以揭示气候变化背景下吉林省干湿气候变化特征及其成因。结果表明:19612021吉林省及其西部、中部和东部AI均呈不显著下降变化。吉林省AI平均值空间差异显著,自西向东呈“高−低−”的空间分布特征。全划分为亚干旱、亚湿润和湿润区。研究期内亚湿润区域逐年代扩大,21世纪10年代(2010s)亚湿润面积达到最大。19612021年吉林省ET0不显著下降变化,降水量呈不显著上升变化。水汽压和平均气温均极显著上升趋势P<0.01),气候倾向率分别为0.008kPa·10a10.32℃·10a−1净辐射和风速均极显著下降变化趋势P<0.01),气候倾向率分别为−0.077MJ·m−2·10a−1和−0.14m·s−1·10a−1。ET0、净辐射、平均气温和风速大体呈自西向东逐渐降低的空间分布特征;降水量整体呈自西向东逐渐增加的空间分布特征;水汽压主要呈“低−高−”的空间分布特征。绝大部分站点气象因子对AI均为负贡献。降水量是导致吉林省及其西部、东部AI降低的主要气象因子,其次是风速和ET0;而在中部,风速为AI降低的主要气象因子,其次是降水量和ET0

关键词: 干湿气候, 干燥度指数, 参考作物蒸散量, 降水量, 贡献率

Abstract:

In order to study the characteristics and causes of dry−wet climate change in Jilin province, the aridity index (AI) was calculated based on daily meteorological data from 46 meteorological stations in Jilin from 1961 to 2021. Linear tendency estimation and inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation based on ArcGIS 10.2 were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of AI, and contribution rate analysis was used to analyze the cause of AI. The results indicated that the AI values in Jilin province and its western, central and eastern regions exhibited negative trends from 1961 to 2021. There was a significant spatial difference in the average AI values in Jilin province, with a spatial distribution pattern of ‘high−low−high’ from west to east. It was divided into sub arid, sub humid and humid regions in Jilin province. The sub humid region had been expanding over the years, reaching its maximum area in the 2010s. ET0 showed a downward trend, while the precipitation showed an upward trend in Jilin from 1961 to 2021, but the changes trend were not significant. The water vapor pressure and average temperature both showed a significant upward trend, with the climate tendency rate of 0.008kPa·10y−1 (P<0.01) and 0.32℃·10y−1 (P<0.01), respectively. The net solar radiation and wind speed both showed a significant downward trend, with the climate tendency rate of −0.077MJ·m−2·10y−1(P<0.01) and −0.14m·s−1·10y−1(P<0.01), respectively. ET0, net solar radiation, average temperature and wind speed gradually decreased from west to east, while the precipitation showed a gradual increase from west to east and the vapor pressure mainly exhibited a spatial distribution characteristic of ‘low−high−low’. The meteorological factors of vast majority of station had a negative contribution to AI. Precipitation was the dominant factor for the variations in AI values in Jilin province and its west and east, followed by wind speed and ET0, but in the central of Jilin province, wind speed was the dominant factor for the AI change, followed by precipitation and ET0. The research results can provide support for the formulation of strategies to cope with dry−wet climate change and the rational utilization of climate resources in Jilin province. 

Key words: Dry?wet climate, Aridity index, Reference crop evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Contribution rate