关键词: 日光温室, 保温被, 自动化, 揭放时间, 小气候环境, 经济效益

Abstract: To study the effect of the insulating quilts uncovering and covering time on the microclimate and the growth and development of facility crops in greenhouses, the table grape cultivar 'Wuhecuibao' was used as the experimental material and used the traditional empirical management of the insulating quilts uncovering and covering time served as the control treatment (CK), and designed the program of the insulating quilts uncovering and covering time based on the time of sunrise and sunset at the location of the facility, and the minimum temperature outside the greenhouse at sunrise, as well as the minimum air temperature within 24h, and applied it to the automated control device (T treatment). Microclimate parameters (light, temperature) and fruit quality were compared between CK and T treatments in two greenhouses, aiming to provide a reference for greenhouse environmental control in the automated management of facility fruit trees. The results showed that the T treatment significantly extended the duration of uncovering and covering quilts and received more light during the grape growing period, with an average increase of 7.6% compared to the CK treatment, while photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and light intensity showed no significant differences. Under the same weather conditions, the average air temperature inside the greenhouse and the underground 20cm soil temperature under the T treatment were higher than those under the CK treatment, and the average air temperature inside the greenhouse and the underground 20cm soil temperature under the T and CK treatments under typical sunny conditions were 21.1°C, 20.0°C and 18.5°C, 17.2°C respectively,and the average air temperature inside the greenhouse and the underground 20cm soil temperature under the two treatments under cloudy conditions were 17.6°C, 16.7°C and 17.4°C, 16.4°C, respectively. During the ripening stage, fruit quality in the T treatment was significantly better than that in the CK treatment. At harvest, the contents of soluble solids and soluble sugar increased by 1.3 and 3.9 percentage points, respectively, and the contents of VC and soluble protein increased by 27.9% and 29.2%, respectively. Grape yields increased by 23.4% per unit area under T treatment compared to CK treatment, resulting in an economic benefit of per hectare reached 1008839.4 yuan, representing a 23.4% increase over CK treatment. Overall, this study provided a reference for the automated management of greenhouse microclimate control in facility fruit trees and an accurate environmental regulation scheme for greenhouse grape cultivation. This solution optimizes microclimate environment of the greenhouse and significantly improves fruit quality, yield and economic benefits.

Key words: Solar greenhouse, Insulation quilts, Automation, Uncovering and covering of time, Micro?climatic environment, Economic benefit