关键词: 日光温室, 黄瓜, 低温冷害, 风险评估, 天气指数保险

Abstract:

 In order to solve the difficulties in the design of solar greenhouse crop weather index insurance products, such as the different effects of indoor meteorological conditions on crops due to the differences in insulation materials and building structure parameters, and the basis risk caused by the same rate caused by regional meteorological disaster risks, this paper designed a weather index insurance product based on the distribution of cucumber low-temperature chilling injury risk in Tianjin solar greenhouse. Based on the relationship between the microclimate factors in the greenhouse and the outdoor weather conditions in the greenhouse, based on the theory of natural disaster risk assessment, a comprehensive risk assessment model of low-temperature chilling injury of cucumber was constructed and the risk zones of low-temperature chilling injury of cucumber were divided into different risk zones. The meteorological claims index was calculated by combining the disaster index for different grades and the yield reduction rate of cucumbers, and the insurance rates for different risk zones were determined based on the regional coefficients of the risk of hypothermia injuries. The insurance premiums and compensation amounts per unit area for cucumber hypothermia injuries under different claim indices were calculated, and the weather index insurance product for cucumber hypothermia injuries in solar greenhouses was designed. The results showed that the high-risk areas of cucumber low-temperature chilling injury in solar greenhouses in Tianjin were mainly located in the northern part of Tianjin, including most of Baodi, the southwest of Jizhou district, the central part of Wuqing district and Beichen district, the northwest of Hangu in Binhai new area and the southeast of Ninghe district. The gross rates of cucumber low-temperature chilling injury high, medium and low risk areas were 8.05%, 7.21% and 6.27% respectively, combined with the actual physical and chemical cost of greenhouse production, the compensation amount per unit area of cucumber was set at 45000 yuan·ha⁻¹, and a typical low-temperature process in Tianjin in November 2015 was taken as an example to introduce the claim of cucumber low-temperature chilling weather index insurance, the research and development of the product effectively solved the problem that Tianjin's current facility agricultural insurance only protects facilities such as sheds and insulation materials without protecting crops.

Key words: Solar greenhouse, Cucumber, Low temperature disaster, Risk evaluation, Weather index insurance