中国农业气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 977-986.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2026.06.013

• 农业气象保险栏目 • 上一篇    

洞庭碧螺春高低温综合气象指数保险

赵静娴,陶正达,陈旭,任义方,凌家韦,顾荆奕   

  1. 1. 苏州市吴中区气象局,苏州 215100;2. 苏州市吴中区农业科技教育指导站,苏州 215100;3. 江苏省气候中心,南京 210041
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-28 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 作者简介:赵静娴,E-mail:1003635781@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    北极阁基金指导性项目“碧螺春茶气象灾害风险预警技术研究”(ZD202607)

Comprehensive Weather Index Insurance of High and Low Temperatures for Dongting Biluochun Tea

ZHAO Jing-xian, TAO Zheng-da, CHEN Xu, REN Yi-fang, LING Jia-wei, GU Jing-yi   

  1. 1. Suzhou Wuzhong Meteorological Administration, Suzhou 215100, China; 2. Suzhou Wuzhong District Agricultural Science and Technology Education Guidance Station, Suzhou 215100; 3. Jiangsu Climate Center, Nanjing 210041
  • Received:2025-06-28 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-06-18

摘要:

基于20102020年吴中区国家基本气象站逐日气温数据及东山镇洞庭碧螺春茶产区碧螺春茶产量数据,筛选碧螺春茶4个关键生育期内与相对气象产量相关度高的气温致灾因子,构建高低温综合气象指数(HLT),厘定碧螺春茶高低温综合气象指数保险费率,据此设计保险理赔方案并验证其合理性,为优化茶叶气象指数保险产品提供理论支撑。结果表明:(1)基于5个气温致灾因子构建的高低温综合气象指数与碧螺春茶相对气象产量呈极显著负相关关系(P0.01),相关系数0.946,表明该指数与碧螺春减产率有较好的对应关系。(2)碧螺春茶相对气象产量符合Gen.extreme value分布,根据分布概率密度函数和保费厘定公式,保险纯费率为4.63%,毛费率为6.71%。(3)理赔方案设定6个理赔等级,赔偿比例依次1%5%15%20%38%45%。经检验,按该理赔方案模拟2021−2024年赔偿比例和减产率曲线吻合较好,且14a2011−2024年)平均赔付率为74.5%,考虑保险公司20%左右的经营成本,14a平均盈利约5.5%,符合产品设计保本微利的原则;农户平均自负赔付率为372.5%,该理赔方案能有效保障茶农收益。

关键词: 洞庭碧螺春, 生育期, 高低温综合气象指数, 理赔方案

Abstract: This study aimed to design and validate a meteorological index insurance scheme for Biluochun tea in Dongting mountains, Suzhou, to mitigate losses due to temperature extremes. Based on the daily temperature data (2010−2020) from the National Meteorological Observatory in Wuzhong district and the corresponding annual tea yield data in Dongshan town, induced hazard factors highly correlated with the relative meteorological yield of Biluochun tea were identified across its four critical growth periods. A comprehensive high−low temperature weather index (HLT) was constructed by integrating these factors. The insurance premium rate for this index was determined accordingly, and an insurance claim settlement scheme was then designed. The reasonableness of the proposed scheme was verified, demonstrating its potential to effectively compensate for the yield losses induced by temperature extremes. The results showed that the comprehensive high−low temperature weather index (HLT) showed a strong negative correlation with the relative meteorological yield of Biluochun tea (P<0.01), with a correlation coefficient of −0.946, confirming the high sensitivity of the index in reflecting tea yield reduction rates. The relative meteorological yield of Biluochun tea was found to follow a Gen.extreme value distribution. Based on the probability density function and premium calculation formula, the pure premium rate was 4.63% and the gross premium rate 6.71%. The designed claimed settlement scheme defined six indemnity levels with corresponding compensation ratios of 1%, 5%, 15%, 20%, 38% and 45%. Validation using data from 2021 to 2024 showed a strong alignment between the simulated compensation ratios and the actual yield reduction rates. Over the period of 2011 to 2024, the average loss ratio was 74.5%. After accounting for the insurer's operational costs (approximately 20%), this translates to an average profit margin of about 5.5%, adhering to the "break−even with modest profit" principle. In addition, the average self−retention loss ratio was 372.5%, indicating that the scheme effectively safeguards the income of growers against losses. 

Key words: Dongting Biluochun, Growth period, Comprehensive high?low temperature weather index, Insurance claims settlement scheme