低纬高原冬季与春季降水特征及其环流背景差异分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.04.007

中国农业气象 ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (04): 437-445.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.04.007

低纬高原冬季与春季降水特征及其环流背景差异分析

刘逵，杨靖新，杨旺，杨若文，桂术

1．云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院大气科学系，昆明 650091；2．国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室，厦门 361000；3.云南省机场集团有限责任公司丽江机场气象台，丽江 674100

收稿日期:2014-12-15 出版日期:2015-08-20 发布日期:2015-10-19
作者简介:刘逵（1988-），湖北人，博士生，研究方向为天气气候学。E-mail：570134771@qq.com
基金资助:
云南省机场集团有限责任公司创新项目［2013J（015）］；国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室开放基金课题（GCMAC1307）；国家自然科学基金（41405001）；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金（20135301120010）

Analysis on the Differences of Rainfall and Corresponding Circulation Between Winter and Spring in the Low-latitude Highlands

LIU Kui, YANG Jing-xin,YANG Wang, YANG Ruo-wen , GUI Shu

1. Department of Atmosphere Science, School of Resource Environment and Earth Science,Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China；2. Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, State Ocean Administration, Xiamen, 361000； 3. Lijiang Airport Meteorological Station of Yunnan Airport Group co., LTD, Lijiang 674100

Received:2014-12-15 Online:2015-08-20 Published:2015-10-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用经验正交函数分解(EOF)、相关分析、小波分析等方法对低纬高原地区148站的气象观测数据进行分析，以揭示该区域冬、春季的降水时空分布及其环流背景差异，了解低纬高原干旱的原因。结果表明：冬、春季降水时空分布特征差异显著，春季降水量较大幅度高于冬季，差异最大区域位于低纬高原的西部和南部，呈“L”型区域分布；冬季降水在1985-1990年和2005年以后存在4～6a的振荡周期，1990年以后存在准2a和10a左右的振荡周期；春季降水在1995年以前存在较明显的4～6a振荡周期，2001年以后存在准2a的振荡周期。导致冬、春季降水差异显著的环流背景主要为：与冬季相比，春季青藏高原北侧的东亚大槽较弱；但高原南侧的南支槽活跃；海洋上的西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西，沿着高压外围的气流更容易到达低纬高原，从而水汽输送更强；副高与南亚高压的两高辐合区向北延伸的范围更大，有利于低纬高原降水。进一步研究表明，低纬高原冬季降水主要与青藏高原南侧孟加拉湾附近区域的热力作用密切相关，春季降水则与该地区的比湿关系显著。

关键词: 低纬高原, 冬春季, 降水差异, 环流差异

Abstract: In order to reveal the difference of temporal evolution and spatial distribution of rainfall and the corresponding circulation difference in winter and spring, and get the reason of drought in low-latitude highlands applied EOF, correlation analysis, wavelet analysis to analyze 148 stations’ observational precipitation. The results showed that there was a prominent difference between the winter and spring rainfall’s temporal evolution and spatial distribution. The spring rainfall was more than the winter's a lot, and the most different area was located in western and southern low-latitude highlands, which seemed to be a "L" pattern. The winter rainfall had a 4-6 years cycle during 1985-1990 and after 2005 and had quasi-2 years and around 10 years cycles after 1990.The spring rainfall had a 4-6 years cycle before 1995 and quasi-2 years cycle after 2001. The differences of circulation background accounted for the difference between the winter and spring rainfall. Compared to winter, the east Asian Trough to the north of the Tibetan Plateau was weaker and the southern branch trough to the south of the plateau was more active in spring; the subtropical high in the western pacific was more westward and stronger, then the flow along its flank was easier to reach to the low-latitude highlands with more water vapor input. The convergence area between the subtropical high and south high shifted more northward. Further studies indicated that the winter rainfall was very linked to the near-surface heating over around the bay of Bengal area, but the spring rainfall was closely related to the specific humidity.

Key words: Low-latitude highlands, Winter and spring, Rainfall difference, Circulation difference

刘逵，杨靖新，杨旺，杨若文，桂术. 低纬高原冬季与春季降水特征及其环流背景差异分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(04): 437-445.

LIU Kui, YANG Jing-xin,YANG Wang, YANG Ruo-wen , GUI Shu. Analysis on the Differences of Rainfall and Corresponding Circulation Between Winter and Spring in the Low-latitude Highlands[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2015, 36(04): 437-445.

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低纬高原冬季与春季降水特征及其环流背景差异分析

Analysis on the Differences of Rainfall and Corresponding Circulation Between Winter and Spring in the Low-latitude Highlands

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