关键词: 冬小麦, 油菜, 气象条件, 气候适宜度, 连阴雨

Abstract: Based on the measured agrometeorological data of meteorological observation stations and agrometeorological stations in the main production area of summer grain and oil crops in China from 2022 to 2023, the climate suitable index and disaster index were used to analyze the agrometeorological conditions in the growing season of major summer harvest crops, including winter wheat and rape. The results showed that there were sufficient thermal conditions and sunlight in the main production areas during the winter and rape growing season. At the same time, precipitation and soil moisture conditions are suitable for crop growth and development. Further, agricultural meteorological disasters such as wet damage, late frosts and crop diseases and pests had relatively light effects. It was sunny during most of the mature harvest stage, so the overall progress of the summer harvest was fast. During most of the ripening stage the weather was sunny, so the overall progress of the summer harvest was rapid. However, continuous rainy and heavy precipitation occurred in southern Shaanxi, southern Huanghuai and eastern Jianghan area from May 25th to June 4th, which resulted in delayed wheat harvest, significant decline in wheat quality and local germination mildew. Henan province has been the worst affected in terms of wheat yield and quality. Due to successive droughts in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and Guizhou, sowing and emergence of rapeseed was delayed significantly and rapeseed seedling condition deteriorated in the later growth. Additionally, the yield of winter wheat and rape was affected by continuous drought in the southern area of Southwest China in winter and spring. Overall, the 2022/2023 winter wheat and rapeseed growing season was slightly less climatically suitable than the previous year, with slightly deviated meteorological conditions.

Key words: Winter wheat, Rape, Agrometeorological conditions, Climatic suitability, Continuous rainy