关键词: 冬小麦, 油菜, 气象条件, 气候适宜度, 低温冻害

Abstract:

Based on the measured data of about 1800 meteorological observation stations and 295 agrometeorological stations in the main production region of summer grain and oil crops in China from 2023 to 2024, the climate suitable index and disaster index were used to analyze the agrometeorological conditions in the growing season of major summer harvest crops, including winter wheat and rape. The results showed that there were sufficient thermal conditions and sunlight in the main production region during the winter wheat and rape growing season. At the same peirod, precipitation was excessive, while soil moisture conditions were suitable for crop growth and development. In addition, agricultural meteorological disasters such as late frosts, waterlogging damage and drought had relatively light effects. Crop diseases and pests were closely and effectively guarded against, so that they only occurred on a small scale. The weather during maturity stage was clear and favorable for mechanized wheat harvesting operations. The wheat harvest progresses faster than usual and ahead of the previous year （1991-2020）, resulting in a high harvest quality. However, the increase in rapeseed yields had been affected by multiple rounds of rain, snow and freezing damage in winter, periodic cloudy rain in mid spring, and strong convective weather in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, especially in Hunan and Hubei provinces. Overall, the winter wheat growing season was generally better than the previous with the higher climate suitability, while the meteorological conditions during the rape growing season were close to the 2023.

Key words: Winter wheat, Rape, Agrometeorological conditions, Climatic suitability, Low-temperature freezing damage