关键词: 春季气象条件, 农业生产, 气象灾害, 春播

Abstract:

During the spring of 2025 (March –May), China’s national average temperature was 11.7°C, 1.0°C above the long−term average (1991–2020, hereinafter referred to as norm), which was the fourth highest during the same period since 1961. Total precipitation averaged 137.4mm nationwide, which was close to the norm. In particular, the average spring precipitation in Shaanxi was the five−lowest the same period since 1961. The national average sunshine duration reached 629.4h, less than the norm. In the summer grain and oil crop regions, favorable light and temperature conditions generally benefited the growth and yield formation of winter wheat and rapeseed. However, severe spring droughts occurred in Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi, with some wheat−growing areas additionally affected by dry−hot winds, hindering the grain filling of winter wheat. Rapeseed−producing areas experienced periodic low temperatures, overcast rains and insufficient sunlight, adversely affecting rapeseed growth. In most spring−sown regions, suitable hydrothermal conditions and good soil moisture facilitated crop sowing and seedling emergence, with overall smooth progress. However, agricultural droughts persisted in Shaanxi and other areas, while frequent rainfall in eastern northeast China led to prolonged waterlogging in some farmlands. Additionally, regions like Jiangnan encountered periodic heavy rainfall and cold, wet weather, disrupting spring sowing operations.

Key words: Spring meteorological conditions, Agricultural production, Meteorological disasters, Spring sowing