关键词: 高标准农田, 冬小麦, 热量资源, 差值

Abstract:

In order to make full use of the observation data of high-standard farmland microclimate in Xinjiang, the difference observation data from the high-standard farmland microclimate stations and the national station were evaluated. It can be provided reference for adjusting the planting system and crop layout according to local conditions using heat resources. The daily temperature observation data of high-standard farmland agricultural microclimate stations and adjacent national stations in southern and northern Xinjiang from 2015 to 2024 were selected, and the characteristics of heat resources during winter wheat growing season in high-standard farmland and differences with national stations were clarified by means of mathematical statistical analysis methods such as scatter plot and linear regression. The results showed that: (1) the correlation coefficients of daily average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature between agricultural microclimate stations in southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang and national stations were between 0.997 and 1.000 (P<0.001), with good consistency. The daily average temperature of winter wheat in different growth stages of high-standard farmland was 0.4−2.1°C lower than that of the corresponding national station, and the daily minimum temperature was 0.8−3.2°C lower, but the daily maximum temperature was generally 0.0−0.7°C higher. The temperature difference was larger during the seeding−emergence period, tillering period, jointing period, heading-flowering period and filling period, while the maximum difference was 3.2°C, but the difference was smaller in during wintering period and regeneration period with 1.6°C. (2) The average annual ≥0°C active accumulated temperature of winter wheat during the growing season of high−standard farmland agricultural microclimate stations in southern and northern Xinjiang was 8.0−61.0°C·d less with national stations, wiht the average annual ≥10°C active accumulated temperature was 0−59.3°C·d less. The average annual <0°C active accumulated temperature was 26.7−96.0°C·d more in the wintering period and 0.2−1.6°C·d less druing the regeneration period. (3) Compared with the corresponding national stations, the extreme maximum temperature of high-standard farmland agricultural microclimate station in southern Xinjiang was 0.4°C higher and the minimum temperature was 0.1°C lower. The extreme maximum and minimum temperature of the high-standard farmland agricultural microclimate station in northern Xinjiang were 0.5°C and 0.2°C lower, and the date of extreme temperature was inconsistent. The average annual ≥35°C high temperature days in the heading-flowering period and filling period of winter wheat in the high-standard farmland agricultural microclimate stations of southern Xinjiang were 0.7d more than those in northern Xinjiang, and 3.4d less than those in northern Xinjiang. The average number of low temperature days ≤-3°C in the regeneration period of winter wheat at the agricultural microclimate stations in southern and northern Xinjiang was more than 1.8d and 1.0d. The heat resources of winter wheat growing season in the high-standard farmland microclimate station were highly correlated with the adjacent national stations. There were certain differences between the two, which were affected by the crop growth environment and the underlying surface. The difference law can provide technical support for the use of national meteorological stations for winter wheat meteorological services. 

Key words: High-standard farmland, Winter wheat, Heat resources, Difference values