中国农业气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 36-49.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2026.01.004

• 高标准农田智慧气象监测与应用专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

高标准农田建设对农业气象灾害防御的影响与机制

田红宇,曹云楚,孟娜娜   

  1. 三峡大学经济与管理学院,宜昌 443002
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-09 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-16
  • 作者简介:田红宇,副教授,主要从事土地政策与农业资源环境的研究,E-mail:309459385@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BMZ011)

Impact and Mechanism of High−standard Farmland Construction on Agricultural Meteorological Disaster Prevention

TIAN Hong-yu, CAO Yun-chu, MENG Na-na   

  1. School of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • Received:2025-05-09 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-16

摘要:

利用自然社会交互耦合视角,构建“气象环境−耕地质量−主体响应−防灾减损”的理论框架,基于2004−2022年中国省级层面高标准农田建设及农业气象灾害数据,运用连续型双重差分模型,系统分析农业气象灾害中高标准农田建设的防灾减损效应及机制。结果表明:(1)高标准农田建设显著且持续提升了农业气象灾害防御能力,对农业气象灾害冲击具有明显的防灾减损效应。新增高标准农田建设面积大的(≥5.3万hm2)实验组,其农业气象灾害成灾率显著下降了12.7个百分点,因灾粮食损失降低了16.5%。经平行趋势和稳健性检验后结果可信。(2)在灾害类型、建后管护水平和区域农业功能定位三个维度上高标准农田建设的防灾减损效应均可发挥积极的作用,其中对农业抵御旱灾的能力最为显著,在高标准农田管护水平高的区域防灾减损效应更为突出,在粮食主产省份的防灾减损效果较主销区更为明显。(3)带动农业保险和灾害监测预警能力提升,促进农业社会化服务和设施农业发展,是高标准农田建设助力农业防灾减损的重要途径。为此,在加快推进新一轮高标准农田建设时,坚持差异化阶段推进原则,探索“建管用养”一体化发展的长效机制,引导高标准农田的使用方式向现代化集约化转型,可为农业强国建设提供根本支撑。

关键词: 高标准农田建设, 农业气象灾害, 防灾减损效应

Abstract:

 From the perspective of nature−society interaction, this paper constructed a theoretical framework of meteorological environment−land quality−household response−disaster prevention and loss reduction. Then, based on the provincial panel data of China from 2004 to 2022, this paper employed a staggered difference−in−differences (DID) model to analyze the effects and mechanisms of high−standard farmland construction on disaster prevention and mitigation in the context of agricultural meteorological disasters. The results showed that: (1) high−standard farmland construction significantly and sustainably enhanced the resilience of agriculture to meteorological disasters, exhibiting remarkable disaster prevention and mitigation effects. Specifically, the construction of high−standard farmland had reduced the disaster incidence by 12.7 percentage points and crop loss by 16.5% in treatment regions. (2) While these effects were positive across different types of disasters, levels of post−construction management, and agricultural functional areas, the impact was most significant in drought prevention. (3) The disaster prevention and loss reduction effect of high−standard farmland construction was primarily achieved through improving agricultural insurance, disaster monitoring capabilities, agricultural socialized services and the development of facility agriculture. Therefore, in advancing the new round of high-standard farmland construction, it is crucial to adopt a phased and differentiated approach, establish a long−term mechanism that integrates construction, management and maintenance, and guide the shift in its utilization towards modernization and intensification. These measures will provide fundamental support for building a strong agricultural sector.

Key words: High?standard farmland construction, Agricultural meteorological disasters, Disaster prevention and loss reduction effects