中国农业气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 1002-1014.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2022.12.005

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏拉萨河谷地区栽培措施对青稞的影响

谢永春,刘国一,侯亚红,普布贵吉,万运帆,马瑞萍   

  1. 1.西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所,拉萨 850032;2.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-07 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 马瑞萍,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为作物高产栽培、养分高效利用。 E-mail:marp0825@126.com
  • 作者简介:谢永春,E-mail:xieyongchun2008@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发项目(2019YFD1001702-3);中央引导地方项目(XZ202101YD0007C)

Effects of Cultivation Measures on Highland Barley in Lhasa Valley Area of Tibet

XIE Yong-chun, LIU Guo-yi, HOU Ya-hong, Pubuguiji, WAN Yun-fan, MA Rui-ping   

  1. 1.Institute of Resources and Environment,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China;2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2022-01-07 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-11-21

摘要: 为筛选适合拉萨河谷地区主栽青稞品种(藏青2000和5171-7)的栽培措施,采用裂区试验设计方法,主区设置B1(4月1日)、B2(4月15日)、B3(4月30日)3个播期,副区为2个青稞品种,副副区为4个施肥水平,分别为不施肥(CK)、N–P–K施用浓度为120–75–45kg·hm−2(F)、施有机肥30000kg·hm−2 (M)、F和M处理施肥用量的各50%(FM),研究不同栽培措施对青稞生长发育、生理生化指标、光合特性及产量构成的影响。结果表明,短期(1a)施肥对青稞生产无显著影响,适时播种(B2)和晚播(B3)增加了青稞苗期–拔节期历时,从而延长青稞整个生育期。延迟播种(B3)的青稞基本苗数明显增加,施肥(M、FM、F)比不施肥(CK)处理能不同程度提高青稞茎蘖数,晚播(B3)处理明显降低青稞株高1.9%~11.2%。播期对青稞产量影响最大,其次是品种,两者交互作用影响最小。播期主要影响青稞的成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重。2个品种之间的成穗数和穗粒数差异较大,藏青2000在适时播种(B2)处理下产量最高,5171-7在晚播(B3)处理下产量最高。适时播种(B2)或晚播(B3)处理提高了青稞灌浆期的净光合速率(Pn)和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD),同时具有较高的可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)和过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)。相比藏青2000,品种5171-7在产量、光合性能和抗胁迫方面均有较强的优势。因此,选择优良品种5171-7,适时播种(4月下旬)能提高拉萨河谷地区青稞的产量。

关键词: 播期, 施肥, 品种, 青稞, 光合特性, 生理生化

Abstract: In order to screen out suitable highland barley varieties (Zangqing 2000 and 5171-7) cultivation measures in Lhasa river valley, the split zone test design method was adopted, the main zone had 3 sowing dates (B1, B2, B3), each main zone had 2 highland barley varieties, and each split zone contained 4 levels of fertilization(M, FM, F, CK). The growth period, physiology and biochemistry, photosynthesis and yield composition of highland barley under different treatments were studied. The results showed that short-term fertilization had no significant effect on highland barley production. Timely sowing (B2, 4-15) and delayed sowing (B3, 4-30) increased the length of the highland barley from the seedling to the jointing stage, thus increased the growth period. B3 treatment increased the basic seedlings significantly. Fertilization (M, FM, F) increased the number of stem tillers compared with no fertilizer (CK). B3 treatment could significantly reduced the highland barley plants height by 1.9%-11.2%. The sowing date had the greatest impact on the yield of highland barley, followed by the varieties, and the interaction had the least impact. The sowing date mainly affected the number of panicles, grains per panicle, and thousand-grain weight of highland barley. The differences in the number of panicles and grains per panicle between the two varieties were obviously, Zangqing 2000 had the highest yield under the B2 treatment, while 5171-7 was under the B3 treatment. The timely sowing (B2) or late sowing (B3) increased the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and SPAD of the highland barley at the filling stage, and had higher soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and catalase activity (CAT). Compared with Zangqing-2000, the variety 5171-7 had stronger advantages in terms of yield, photosynthetic capacity and Anti-stress. Therefore, selecting 5171-7 and planting at the right time in late April can increase the yield of highland barley in the Lhasa river valley.

Key words: Sowing date, Fertilization, Variety, Highland barley, Photosynthesis, Physiology and biochemistry