中国农业气象 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05): 386-397.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2023.05.004

• 农业生态环境栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

降解膜覆盖与氮肥配施技术对宁夏玉米生产效益的影响

马健祯，马琨，贾彪，翟勇全，运彬媛，张昊，姬丽，李稼润   

  1. 1. 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021；2. 宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，银川 750021；3. 宁夏大学生态环境学院，银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-20 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-17
  • 通讯作者: 贾彪，教授，研究方向为作物信息技术与精准农业研究。 E-mail:jiabiao2008@nxu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:马健祯，E-mail：majz2020@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2021BEG03014）；宁夏自然科学基金项目（2021AAC03025）；宁夏回族自治区农业资源环境监测与保护项目（NO.2130135）

Effects of Degradable Film Mulching and Combined Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Maize Production Benefit in Ningxia

MA Jian-zhen, MA Kun, JIA Biao, ZHAI Yong-quan, YUN Bin-yuan, ZHANG Hao, JI Li, LI Jia-run   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021; 3. College of Ecological Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
  • Received:2022-06-20 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-17

PDF (PC)

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摘要： 设置4种地膜（生物降解膜S1、S2、S3和普通地膜P）和4个施氮水平（0、120、240和360kg·hm−2），开展滴灌水肥一体化条件下覆膜结合氮肥配施的玉米大田试验，以探究不同类型地膜覆盖与氮肥配施措施对灌区玉米产量、土壤水分、温度、氮肥利用率和经济效益的影响，从而筛选出适宜宁夏灌区玉米种植的降解膜与氮肥配施量。结果表明：不同地膜覆盖下，生物降解膜S2处理下0−100cm层土壤含水量、产量、氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力和经济效益较S1处理分别增加1.15%、13.15%、2.38%、11.69%和19.03%，与普通地膜（P）处理无显著差异；S2与S1处理下5−25cm土壤平均温度无显著差异；N2处理下0−100cm土层含水量、氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别较N0处理显著减少2.31%、4.59%和38.15%，而玉米产量和经济效益分别较N0处理显著增加62.22%和108.69%；施氮对0−25cm土温无显著影响。研究说明采用覆盖生物降解膜S2与配施氮肥240kg · hm−2，可有效改善宁夏干旱农区土壤水分和温度，提高玉米产量和氮肥利用效率，增加净收入。

关键词: 玉米, 生物降解膜, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 产量, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract: Four kinds of mulching film biodegradable film S1 which is made of starch and polycaprolactone, S2 which is made of polylactic acid and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), S3 which is made of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and common mulching film P which is made of polyethylene) and 4 nitrogen application levels (0, 120, 240 and 360kg · ha−1) were set. Under the condition of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration, maize field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of film mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer application on maize yield, soil moisture, temperature, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits, so as to screen out the degradable film mulching and the suitable combined application amount of nitrogen fertilizer for maize planting in Ningxia irrigation area. The results showed that under different film mulching, the soil water content, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity and economic benefit under biodegradable film mulching S2 treatment increased by 1.15%, 13.15%, 2.38%, 11.69% and 19.03% respectively compared with S1 treatment, and there was no significant difference between biodegradable film mulching S2 treatment and common mulching film P treatment; there was no significant difference in 5−25cm soil average temperature between S2 and S1 treatments; the soil water content, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of 0−100cm layer under N2 treatment decreased by 2.31%, 4.59% and 38.15% respectively, while the maize yield and economic benefit increased by 62.22% and 108.69% respectively compared with N0 treatment; nitrogen fertilizer application had no significant effect on soil temperature in 0−25cm. The results showed that degradable film mulching S2 and nitrogen fertilizer application with 240kg · ha−1 could effectively improve soil moisture and temperature, increase maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and increase net income in arid agricultural areas of Ningxia.

Key words: Maize, Biodegradable film, Soil moisture, Soil temperature, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

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