中国农业气象 ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (02): 161-169.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2015.02.006

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同尺寸蒸渗仪测定作物蒸散的田间试验研究

杨炳玉,申双和,张富存,陶苏林,汪秀敏,赵华   

  1. 1云南省气象局气象信息中心,昆明650000;2气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044;3南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-16 出版日期:2015-04-20 发布日期:2015-06-25
  • 作者简介:杨炳玉(1987-),女,云南大理人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事农业气象研究。Email:happy_yby@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106043);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(CXZZ12_0503)

Field Experiment on Crop Evapotranspiration Measurements via Lysimeters With Different Scales

YANG Bingyu, SHEN Shuanghe, ZHANG Fucun, TAO Sulin, WANG Xiumin, ZHAO Hua   

  1. 1Meteorological Information Center of Yunnan Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Kunming650000, China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing210044; 3School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing210044
  • Received:2014-09-16 Online:2015-04-20 Published:2015-06-25

摘要: 称重式蒸渗仪测定作物蒸散量(ET)是公认的一种标准测定方法。大型称重式蒸渗仪因单点独立安装而无法进行不同处理的重复试验,小型蒸渗仪则可解决该问题,但目前对于小尺寸蒸渗仪的适用性尚无统一结论。本文利用1m2(SL)、2m2(ML)和4m2(LL)3种不同面积的蒸渗仪在冬小麦(2012年11月21日播种,2013年6月20日收获)和水稻(2013年6月22日移栽,2013年10月28日收获)整个生长季进行连续蒸散量观测,筛选无有效降水日的数据进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)在冬小麦和水稻生长季内,SL(小)蒸渗仪所测蒸散量日内变化均表现出较大的变化幅度,ML(中)蒸渗仪所测蒸散量日内变化趋势均与LL(大)蒸渗仪所测一致,日内变化比较平稳;(2)ML蒸渗仪所测日蒸散量与LL所测结果的相关性最好(P<0.01);(3)SL蒸渗仪所测水稻日平均蒸散量和蒸散总量与LL接近,所以可将SL蒸渗仪替代LL测定水稻日平均蒸散量和蒸散总量;ML所测冬小麦和水稻的日平均蒸散量及蒸散总量均比LL明显偏小,蒸散总量偏小主要由于拔节后较大的日蒸散量偏差导致。

关键词: 小尺寸蒸渗仪, 蒸散, 田间试验, 冬小麦, 水稻

Abstract: Weighting lysimeters are standard techniques for the measurement of crop evapotranspiration (ET) but application of large scale lysimeters to deal with the repeated experiments with different treatments is of some difficulties due to their installation method with single unit. Lysimeters with small scales are suitable to settle this problem, yet the feasibility of them is still an ongoing topic of research. In this study, lysimeters with area scales of 1m2(Small scale Lysimeters, SL), 2m2(Middle scale Lysimeters, ML) and 4m2(Large scale Lysimeters, LL) were applied for continuous measurement of ET in entire growing season of winter wheat (sowed on Nov.21, 2012 and harvested on Jun.20, 2013) and rice (transplanted on Jun.22, 2013 and harvested on Oct.28, 2013). ET measured on norainfall days was then analyzed for the feasibility comparison of lysimeters with different scales. Results indicated that (1) diurnal variation of ET with large fluctuations was observed by SL in the growing season of winter wheat and rice while relatively stable variations by ML and LL and their variation trends were consistent. (2) Correlation relationship between Daily ET from ML and LL was much more significant than the correlations between that from SL and LL. (3) SL could be applied to monitor the total and mean daily ET in rice growing season since the observed daily ET from SL were almost equal to that from LL. However, daily ET observed by ML in the growing season both of winter wheat and rice were lower than that by LL due to the lower ET observed after jointing stage for the two crops.

Key words: Small scale lysimeters, Evapotranspiration, Field experiment, Winter wheat, Rice