不同农作措施对棕壤玉米田N2O排放及碳足迹的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2014年5-9月在辽河平原棕壤地区春玉米地设置不施氮肥（对照，CK）、常规施肥（F）、吡啶尿素包衣（FP）、常规施肥加生物黑炭（FC）以及常规施肥加秸秆半量还田（FS）5个试验处理，每处理3次重复，在玉米整个生育期观测N₂O的排放情况，对比分析5种农作措施对农田土壤N₂O排放及玉米生产过程中碳足迹的影响效果。结果表明：（1）施肥对N₂O排放有明显影响，其排放通量主要受施肥时间和施肥量的影响，施肥后排放通量较高，其中基肥和追肥阶段排放的N₂O分别占全生育期N₂O累积排放量的24.3%～27.3%和32.0%～38.2%；（2）各施肥处理中N₂O的排放量均高于CK处理，但与F处理（常规施肥）相比较，FP、FC和FS处理N₂O累积排放量分别降低了30.2%、22.7%和9.4%，其中FP的减排效果最好；（3）各施肥处理碳足迹均显著大于CK。除CK外，FP和FC处理的碳足迹较低，分别较F处理降低了19.5%和14.8%；FP处理的碳强度最低、碳效率最高，与其它农作措施相比，是高产低排效果最优的措施；（4）施用氮肥的直接N₂O排放占玉米生产全周期中碳排放的最大份额，其占比为74.9%～89.0%，其次是化肥生产过程的碳排放，其占比为13.4%～17.8%。因此，适当减少氮肥用量，提高氮肥利用率是降低玉米生产过程碳足迹的关键，本研究中，吡啶尿素包衣处理（FP）是棕壤区春玉米生产过程碳足迹管理的最优措施。

关键词: 硝化抑制剂, 生物黑炭, 棕壤, 玉米, N₂O排放, 碳足迹

Abstract:

In order to study the impacts of different farming measures on N₂O emission for maize production and the carbon footprint during whole maize growth season, the field experiment was conducted in middle and lower reaches of Liaohe Plain in 2014. Five farming measures, including the non-nitrogenous fertilizer control (CK), the regular fertilization by farmers (F), the pyridine coated urea (FP), regular fertilization and biochar (FC), and regular fertilization and straw semi-farm return (FS) were taken in the experiment. The results showed that, (1) N₂O emission in the soil was mainly affected by the fertilization time and fertilization amount, the N₂O emission was keeping high after fertilization application. The N₂O emission after base fertilizing and additional fertilizations accounted for 24.3%-27.3% and 32.0%-38.2% of the accumulated emission amount of N₂O during whole growth season, respectively; (2) As the FP processing can inhibit the rapid transition of ammonium nitrogen in the soil to nitrate nitrogen, the accumulated N₂O emission amount in the maize growth period through FP, FC and FS was reduced by 30.2%, 22.7% and 9.4% compared to regular fertilization (F). The emission effect of FP was optimum choice; (3) The carbon footprint of FP and FC processing was low, which was decreased by 19.5% and 14.8% respectively compared to F; The carbon intensity of FP processing was also the lowest, and its carbon efficiency was the highest. Compared to other farming measures, it belonged to a low-carbon fertilization one with high production and low emission; (4) The direct N₂O emission with the application of nitrogen accounted for the largest share of carbon emission in the whole maize production process (accounting for 74.9%-89.0%), followed by the carbon emission in the fertilizer production process (accounting for 13.4%-17.8%). Therefore, the reduction of nitrogen application and the improvement of nitrogen utilization was the key to reduce the carbon footprint in the maize production process. The carbon emission reduction management measure specific to the spring maize production in the brown soil area in this research was the pyridine coated urea

Key words: Nitrification inhibitor, Biochar, Brown soil, Maize, N₂O emission, Carbon footprint

赵迅，郭李萍，谢立勇，孙雪，赵洪亮，许婧，潘仕梅. 不同农作措施对棕壤玉米田N₂O排放及碳足迹的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(03): 270-280.

ZHAO Xun, GUO Li-ping, XIE Li-yong, SUN Xue, ZHAO Hong-liang, XU Jing, PAN Shi-mei. Impacts of Different Farming Managements on N₂O Emission and Carbon Footprint for Maize from Brown Soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(03): 270-280.

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不同农作措施对棕壤玉米田N₂O排放及碳足迹的影响

Impacts of Different Farming Managements on N₂O Emission and Carbon Footprint for Maize from Brown Soil

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