中国农业气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (07): 551-562.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2022.07.004

• 农业生物气象栏目 • 上一篇    下一篇

辽西半干旱区玉米大豆间作对作物产量及水分利用的影响

蔡倩,孙占祥,王文斌,白伟,杜桂娟,张悦,张哲,冯晨,向午燕,赵凤艳   

  1. 1.辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,沈阳 110161;2.辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所,沈阳 110161;3.国家农业环境阜新观测实验站,阜新 123100;4.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-31 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 孙占祥,博士,研究员,主要从事旱地耕作制度研究,E-mail:sunzx67@163.com;白伟,博士,研究员,主要从事旱地耕作制度理论与技术研究. E-mail:libai200008@126.com
  • 作者简介:蔡倩,E-mail:caiqian2005@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32101855;U21A20217;32071551);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28090202);辽宁省首批揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目(202196);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC2007041;XLYC2002051);辽宁省“百千万人才工程”项目(202122235);国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才;辽宁省农业科学院学科建设计划项目(2019DD062010)

Yield and Water Use of Maize/Soybean Intercropping Systems in Semi-Arid Western Liaoning

CAI Qian, SUN Zhan-xiang, WANG Wen-bin, BAI Wei, DU Gui-juan, ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Zhe, FENG Chen, XIANG Wu-yan, ZHAO Feng-yan   

  1. 1. Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; 2. Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161; 3. National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin 123100;4. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094
  • Received:2022-03-31 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-07-20

摘要: 为探明玉米大豆间作的作物增产、土地生产力提升和水分高效利用机理,优化辽西半干旱区适宜的玉米大豆间作模式,于2018−2019年在国家农业环境阜新观测实验站,采用田间定位试验方法,设置了玉米大豆间作2行﹕2行(M2S2)、4行﹕4行(M4S4)、6行﹕6行(M6S6),玉米单作(M)和大豆单作(S)5种种植模式,研究玉米大豆间作对作物产量、土地生产力、土壤水分空间分布及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,5种单、间作模式作物总产量表现为M>M6S6>M4S4>M2S2>S,间作模式中作物对总产量的贡献率表现为玉米>大豆,玉米贡献率为79.0%~87.3%,大豆贡献率为12.7%~21.0%;M6S6和M4S4间作模式土地当量比(LER)分别为1.13~1.19和1.06~1.07,均具有间作产量优势,其中M6S6间作优势最强;M2S2间作模式土地当量比(LER)小于1,表现为间作劣势;土壤水分空间分布结果表明,0−50cm土层间作玉米与大豆存在水分竞争,60−100cm土层玉米和大豆存在水分互补;3种间作模式均提高了单位面积的玉米水分利用效率,除M6S6间作模式外,M4S4和M2S2间作模式均降低了大豆水分利用效率;M6S6和M4S4间作模式水分当量比(WER)分别为1.18~1.21和1.05~1.06,水分生产力提高5%~21%,均具有间作水分利用优势,其中M6S6间作优势最强,M2S2间作模式水分当量比(WER)为0.99~1.01,间作水分利用优势不显著。综合分析认为,玉米大豆间作模式中M6S6间作产量优势和水分利用优势最强,能够显著提高农田土地生产力和水分利用效率,在辽西半干旱区农业生产中具有更好的应用价值。

关键词: 玉米大豆间作, 产量, 水分利用效率, 土地当量比, 水分当量比

Abstract: To explore the mechanism of overyielding, improvement of land productivity and water use of maize/soybean intercropping, and optimize the configuration of the intercrop in semi-arid western Liaoning, a 2-year (2018-2019) field experiment was conducted at the National Agricultural Environmental Station for Agricultural Environment at Fuxin. The effects of maize-soybean intercropping on yield, land productivity, spatial distribution of soil water content and water use efficiency were studied. Cropping systems were, (1) 2 rows of maize: 2 rows of soybean (M2S2), (2) 4 rows of maize: 4 rows of soybean (M4S4), (3) 6 rows of maize: 6 rows of soybean (M6S6), (4) sole maize (M) and (5) sole soybean (S). The total yields of the 5 cropping systems were M>M6S6>M4S4>M2S2>S. In intercrops, the contribution of maize for total crop yield was greater than soybean, with 79.0%−87.3% of the contribution rates for intercropped maize, and 12.7%−21.0% for intercropped soybean. The land equivalent ratios (LER) of M6S6 and M4S4 were 1.13−1.19 and 1.06−1.07, respectively, indicating a yield advantage of the intercrop, among which M6S6 showed the highest land productivity. The LER of M2S2 was less than 1, indicating a yield disadvantage. The spatial distribution of soil moisture showed that there was water competition between maize and soybean in 0−50cm soil layer, and was water complementarity between maize and soybean in 60−100cm soil layer in intercrops. On the same land area, all the intercrops improved water use efficiency of maize. M2S2 and M4S4 decreased the water use efficiency of soybean. The water equivalent ratio (WER) of M6S6 and M4S4 were 1.18−1.21 and 1.05−1.06, respectively, indicating the water productivity was increased by 5%−21%. Both of M2S2 and M4S4 had water use advantages, and M6S6 showed the highest water use advantage. The WER of M2S2 was 0.99−1.01, indicating a not significant water use advantage (P>0.05). Overall, M6S6 showed the most significant yield and water use advantage, and would provide opportunity for sustainable agriculture in semi-arid western Liaoning.

Key words: Maize/soybean intercropping, Yield, Water use efficiency, Land equivalent ratio, Water equivalent ratio