河南省小麦-玉米轮作系统光能利用率时空分布及其变化原因分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用河南省19个农业气象试验站的气象和小麦、玉米观测资料，计算1981-2007年作物生长季辐射和年总辐射量、小麦、玉米生长季和轮作系统的作物产能及光能利用率（Radiation Use Efficiency, RUE），分析总辐射和作物产能变化对RUE变化的贡献、小麦和玉米产能变化分别对轮作系统产能变化的贡献。结果表明，河南省小麦-玉米轮作系统RUE为0.75%～1.61%，北部的汤阴和西部的卢氏是高值区，西北、东部偏东和南部地区较低。小麦生长季RUE为0.65%～1.63%，北部的汤阴和西部的卢氏最高，东部偏中大部分地区次之，而西北和东部部分地区最低，玉米生长季RUE为0.85%～1.81%，除西部的三门峡RUE在全区最低外，北部和西部大部分地区较高，而西北和东部、南部地区较低。1981-2007年，卢氏、汝州、西平、新乡和驻马店5个站点小麦-玉米轮作系统RUE呈显著升高趋势（P＜0.05）。在轮作系统RUE变化显著的站点中，除卢氏站点因年总辐射升高对RUE变化呈负贡献外，其余站点的贡献率为4%～31%，系统作物产能变化对RUE变化的贡献率为69%～96%。卢氏和汝州站点小麦产能变化对系统作物产能变化的贡献率（65%和90%）大于玉米（35%和10%），而西平、新乡和驻马店站点小麦产能变化对系统作物产能变化的贡献率（49%、28% 和35%）小于玉米（51%、72%和65%）。未来提高单位面积的作物产能仍是提高区域RUE的有效方法，且不同地区应着重提高不同作物的产能。

关键词: 作物生长季, 总辐射, 作物产能, 贡献率, 资源利用效率

Abstract:

The tempo-spatial characteristics in radiation use efficiency (RUE) of wheat, maize and wheat-maize rotation system were analyzed based on crop production energy, total solar radiation during crop growing season and annual global radiation from the observed meteorological and crop data during 1981 to 2007 at 19 stations in Henan province. Subsequently, the contribution rates of the changes in global radiation and crop production energy to the change in RUE were calculated with the statistical regression method. The study further calculated the contribution rates of the changes in crop production energy of wheat and maize to the change in production energy of wheat-maize rotation system. The study results showed that RUE of wheat-maize rotation system varied from 0.75% to 1.61% in Henan province. The high value areas occurred at Tangyin in the northern Henan province and Lushi in the western Henan province, while the low value areas were in the northwestern, eastern and southern Henan province. Average RUE of wheat was 0.65%-1.63% with the highest values at Tangyin and Lushi, and following by most sites of the eastern Henan province, while the low value area in the northwestern and eastern Henan province. Average RUE of maize was 0.85%-1.81%, with the high value area at most of the sites in the northern and western Henan province except for the lowest value at Sanmenxia, while the low value area in the northwestern, eastern and the southern Henan province. RUE of wheat-maize rotation system at Ruzhou, Xiping, Xinxiang and Zhumadian showed a significant rising trend due to the decrease in annual global radiation and the increase in production energy of wheat-maize rotation system. The contribution rates of the decrease in annual total global radiation and the increase in production energy of wheat-maize rotation system to the increase in RUE were 4%-31% and 69%-96% respectively from 1981 to 2007. However, the increase in annual global radiation had a negative contribution rate on RUE of wheat-maize rotation system at Lushi. The contribution rates of the change in wheat production energy to the change in the production energy of rotation system were 65% and 90%, which were higher than those of maize with the values of 35% and 10% at Lushi and Ruzhou. However, contrasting results occurred at Xiping, Xinxiang and Zhumadian with higher contribution rates of 51%, 72% and 65% for maize than the contribution rates of 49%, 28% and 35% for wheat. In the future, improving crop production energy is still an effective method to increase radiation use efficiency and different areas should focus on diffident crops in Henan province.

Key words: Crop growing season, Global radiation, Crop production energy, Contribution rate, Resource use efficiency

常清，王靖，余卫东，王娜，谈美秀. 河南省小麦-玉米轮作系统光能利用率时空分布及其变化原因分析[J]. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(03): 316-325.

CHANG Qing, WANG Jing, YU Wei-dong, WANG Na, TAN Mei-xiu. Tempo-spatial Characteristics and Impact Factors of Radiation Use Efficiency of Wheat-maize Rotation System in Henan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(03): 316-325.

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