孕穗期高温对水稻物质分配及产量结构的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨孕穗期高温对水稻物质分配及产量结构的影响，以南粳45与两优培九为供试品种，于孕穗期设置不同高温强度和不同持续天数处理，分析水稻光合速率、物质分配及产量结构等对不同强度和持续时间高温胁迫的响应特征。结果表明，孕穗期高温处理后，水稻光合速率和产量均出现不同程度的降低，且温度越高、持续时间越长，降低幅度越大。与CK相比，41℃高温处理7d时，两优培九、南粳45光合速率降幅分别为44.6%、28.8%；减产率分别为81.6%、87.7%。高温导致颖花结实率降低、颖花量减少，光合物质向穗部运移不畅，进而导致水稻经济系数降低。41℃高温处理6d时，两优培九和南粳45茎秆占植株生物量的比重均超过70%。高温处理后水稻穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均呈减少趋势，其降低幅度与高温强度、持续时间有关。在41℃高温处理7d时，两优培九穗粒数减少41.9%，结实率降低93.5%，千粒重降低25.3%；南粳45穗粒数减少50.1%，结实率降低79.6%，千粒重降低23.7%。由此可见，孕穗期高温对水稻产量构成要素中结实率影响最大，穗粒数次之，千粒重受其影响最小。

关键词: 水稻, 孕穗期, 高温, 物质分配, 产量结构

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of dry matter partition and yield component to high temperature, a control experiment with different temperature levels and durations was conducted at booting stage with hybrid rice Lianyoupeijiu and conventional rice Nanjing45. The results showed that photosynthetic rate, harvest index and yield decreased with the increase of high temperature lever and duration. Compared with CK, the photosynthetic rate and yield of Liangyoupeijiu and Nanjing45 declined 44.6%, 81.6% and 28.8%, 87.7% respectively under high temperature treatment at 41℃ for 7 days. High temperature led to the decrease of seed-setting rate and the amount of spikelet, and hindered the movement of the photosynthetic material to the panicle, so the harvest index would be reduced. The stem biomass exceeded 70% of the total plant for Liangyoupeijiu and Nanjing45 under high temperature treatment at 41℃ for 6 days. High temperature resulted in the decrease of grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight and the reducing extent related to high temperature strength and duration. Under heat treatment at 41℃ for 7 days, the grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of Liangyoupeijiu and Nanjing45 declined 41.9%, 93.5%, 25.3% and 50.1%, 79.6%, 23.7%, respectively. So the most sensitive factor to high temperature was seed-setting rate, and then grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight.

Key words: Rice, Booting stage, High temperature, Dry matter partition, Yield component

骆宗强，石春林，江敏，刘杨，宣守丽，金之庆. 孕穗期高温对水稻物质分配及产量结构的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(03): 326-334.

LUO Zong-qiang，SHI Chun-lin，JIANG Min，LIU Yang, XUAN Shou-li, JIN Zhi-qing. Effect of High Temperature on Rice Dry Matter Partition and Yield Component during Booting Stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(03): 326-334.

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