华北地区夏玉米干物质分配系数的模拟

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2016.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干物质分配系数是驱动玉米生长发育模型的关键参数。利用2013年、2014年连续两年在山东夏津、河北固城、山西运城进行的田间试验观测资料，采用比值法、线性回归等订正方法，获取完整的玉米全生育期内生物量序列；在此基础上，以有效积温模拟的发育进程为自变量，构建了华北夏玉米干物质分配的动态变化模型。结果表明：（1）三站玉米干物质分配系数有相同的时间动态变化特征。叶片干物质分配系数从出苗开始持续减少；茎秆干物质分配系数先增后减，最大值出现在抽雄前后；穗棒干物质分配系数在玉米抽雄后持续增加，抽雄后20d左右达到1，即干物质不再向叶茎分配。（2）华北夏玉米生育期内叶、茎的干物质分配系数均可用分段式非线性模型模拟。叶的干物质分配系数以抽雄后10～15d为界，之前干物质分配系数随发育进程可用三次多项式动态模型模拟，之后变为0；茎的干物质分配系数以抽雄后20～25d为界，之前干物质分配系数随发育进程可用四次多项式动态模型模拟，之后变为0；穗棒干物质分配系数通过依据任意发育阶段叶、茎、穗棒的干物质分配系数之和为1的原则计算求得。检验结果表明华北地区夏玉米干物质分配系数动态模型模拟效果良好。

关键词: 干物质分配系数, 模型, 田间试验, 积温, 发育进程

Abstract:

Dry matter distribution coefficient was a key parameter for driving maize growth model. Based on the field experimental data of two consecutive years (2013 and 2014) in Xiajin, Shandong province, Gucheng, Hebei province and Yuncheng, Shanxi province, the biomass sequence in the whole growth duration of maize was obtained by using the ratio method and linear regression correction method. On such a basis, the dynamic change model of dry matter distribution for summer maize in North China was established by taking the development stage of effective simulation of accumulated temperature as the independent variable. The results showed that: (1) There were same dynamic change characteristics for dry matter distribution coefficient of maize from three stations. The dry matter distribution coefficient for leaves kept reducing from seedling process, and the dry matter distribution coefficient for stems increased at the beginning and then decreased with the maximum value occurring at tasseling stage. The dry matter partitioning coefficient for ears increased after the tasseling and reached 1 after 20 days, which meant the dry matter was no longer allocated to leaves and stems. (2) Both dry matter distribution coefficients for leaves and stems of summer maize in North China could be simulated by piecewise nonlinear model. The dry matter distribution coefficient for leaves was distinguished at 10-15 days after tasseling, which could be simulated by three times polynomial dynamic model before tasseling along with the development process, and became 0 after tasseling. The dry matter distribution coefficient for stems was distinguished at 20-25 days after tasseling, which could be simulated by four times polynomial dynamic model before tasseling along with the development process, and became 0 after tasseling. The dry matter distribution coefficient for ears could calculated by the sum of the dry matter distribution coefficient for leaves, stems and ears, which was 1. The results indicated that the simulation effect of dynamic model for dry matter distribution coefficient of summer maize was proficient in North China.

Key words: Dry matter distribution coefficient, Model, Field experiment, Accumulated temperature, Development stage

李昊，谭方颖，王建林，谭凯炎，徐英，王志伟. 华北地区夏玉米干物质分配系数的模拟[J]. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(03): 335-342.

LI Hao, TAN Fang-ying, WANG Jian-lin, TAN Kai-yan, XU Ying, WANG Zhi-wei. Simulation on Dry Matter Distribution Coefficient for Summer Maize in North China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(03): 335-342.

参考文献

[1]董树亭,张吉旺.建立玉米现代产业技术体系,加快玉米生产发展[J].玉米科学,2008,16(4):18-20.

Dong S T,Zhang J W.The establishment of maize modern industrial technology system,accelerate the development of maize production[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2008,16(4): 18-20.(in Chinese)

[2]赵先丽,张玉书,纪瑞鹏,等.辽宁春玉米出苗期水分胁迫试验初探[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(4):35-39.

Zhao X L,Zhang Y S,Ji R P,et al.Preliminary discussion on water stress of spring maize during seedling in Liaoning province[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2010, 26(4):35-39.(in Chinese)

[3]王建林.现代农业气象业务[M].北京:气象出版社,2010: 50-51.

Wang J L.Modern agricultural meteorological operations[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2010:50-51. (in Chinese)

[4]王锐,李亚飞,张丽娟,等.土壤湿度驱动WOFOST模型及其适应性[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(3):263-271.

Wang R,Li Y F,Zhang L J,et al.WOFOST model based on soil moisture driven and its adaptability[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(3):263-271.(in Chinese)

[5]马玉平,王石立,张黎.针对华北小麦越冬的WOFOST模型改进[J].中国农业气象,2005,26(3):145-149.

Ma Y P,Wang S L,Zhang L.Study on improvement of WOFOST against overwinter of wheat in north China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2005,26(3):145-149.(in Chinese)

[6]韩湘云,景元书,浩宇,等.基于田间试验的水稻模型ORYZA2000区域参数比较[J].干旱气象,1991,2(3):294.

Han X Y,Jing Y S, Hao Y,et al.The comparison of regional parameters Of ORYZA2000 based on the field test[J].Arid Meteorology,1991,2(3):294.(in Chinese)

[7]薛昌颖,杨晓光,Bouman B A M,等.ORYZA2000模型模拟北京地区旱稻的适应性初探[J].作物学报,2005,12(31): 1567-1571.

Xue C Y,Yang X G, Bouman B A M,et al.Preliminary approach on adaptability of ORYZA2000 model for aerobic rice in Beijing region[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2005,12(31): 1567-1571.(in Chinese)

[8]Grant R F.Simulation of maize phenology[J].Ageron J,1989, 81:451-457.

[9]Penning de Vries F W T,Jansen D M,Ten Berge H F M,et al.Simulation of ecophysiological processes of growth in several annual crops[M].Wageningen:Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation,1989:111-155.

[10]Karlen D L,Lflannery R,Sadler E J.Dry matter nitrogen phosphorus and potassium accumulation rate by corn on Norfolk Loamy Sand[J].Agron,1987,79:649-656.

[11]尹红征,吕冰清,郑国清,等.玉米产量形成模拟模型研究[J].华北农学报,2004,19(3):73-76.

Yi H Z,Lv B Q,Zheng G Q,et al.Simulation models of the maize yield formation[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali- Sinica,2004,19(3):73-76.(in Chinese)

[12]王忠孝,高学曾,滕世玉.玉米生理[M].北京:农业出版社, 1997:270-300.

Wang Z X,Gao X Z,Teng S Y.Corn physiology[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1997:270-300.(in Chinese)

[13]王石立,马玉平.作物生长模拟模型在我国农业气象业务中的应用研究进展及思考[J].气象,2008,34(6): 3-10.

Wang S L,Ma Y P,Teng S Y.The progress in application of crop growth simulation models to agro- meteorological services in China[J]. Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(6): 3-10.(in Chinese)

[14]刘克礼,刘景辉.春玉米干物质积累分配与转移规律的研究[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1994,15(1):1-9.

Liu K L,Liu J H.Accumulation of dry matter distribution and transfer laws of spring corn research[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia College of Agriculture,1994,15(1):1-9.(in Chinese)

[15]姚萍.普通物理实验中的数据处理[J].黔西南民族师范高等专科学校学报,2007,(2):105-108.

Yao P.Data processing in the general physics experiment[J]. Journal of Southwest Guizhou Teachers College for Nationalities,2007(2):105-108.(in Chinese)

[16]幺枕生,丁裕国.气候统计[M].北京:气象出版社,1990: 52-58.

Yao Z S,Ding Y G.Climate statistics[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1990:52-58.(in Chinese)

[17]马力文,李凤霞,梁旭.宁夏干旱及其对农业生产的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2001,19(4);102-109.

Ma L W,Li F X,Liang X.Characteristics of drought and its nfluence to agriculture in Ningxia[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2001,19(4);102-109.(in Chinese)

[18]李军,黄敬峰,王秀珍.山区月平均气温的短序列订正方法研究[J].浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）,2005, 31 (2):165-170.

Li J,Hang J F,Wang X Z.Research on adjusting methods of monthly average temperature series in mountainous area[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture & Life Sciences),2005,31(2):165-170.(in Chinese)

[19]李庆杨,王能超,易大义.数值分析(第4版) [M].北京:施普林格出版社和清华大学出版社,2001:70-72.

Li Q Y,Wang N C,Yi D Y.Numerical analysis[M].Beijing: Tsinghua University Press and Springer Verlag, 2001:70- 72.(in Chinese)

[20]李莉,朱建跃.T213降水预报订正系统的建立与研究[J].应用气象学报,2006,8:131-133.

Li L,Zhu J Y.The establishment and research of T213 precipitation calibration system[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2006,(8):131-133.(in Chinese)

[21]杨松,杞明辉,姚德宽.误差订正在预报集成中的应用研究[J].气象,2003,29(12):22-24.

Yang S,Qi M H,Yao D K.Application of error correction in forecast ensemble[J].Meteorological Monthly, 2003,29(12): 22-24.(in Chinese)

[22]谢云,James R Kiniry.国外作物生长模型发展综述[J].作物学报,2002,(2):190-195.

Xie Y,James R K.Review on crop growth model development abroad[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2002, (2): 190-195.(in Chinese)

[23]Hijmans R J,Guiking-Lens I M,van Diepen C A.WOFOST, user guide for the WOFOST 6.0 crop growth simulation model[M].Wageningen:Netherlands Technical document 12, DLOW in and Staring Centre, 1994:145.

[24]张淑杰,张玉书.水分胁迫对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):68-72.

Zhang S J,Zhang Y S.Influences of water stress on growth and development of maize and yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(12):68-72. (in Chinese)

[25]于志青,于卫卫,谭秀山,等.水分胁迫对夏玉米干物质积累与分配的影响[J].华北农学报,2009,24(S2): 149-154.

Yu Z Q,Yu W W,Tan X S.Effect of water stress on dry-matter partition of summer maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali- Sinica,2009,24(S2):149-154. (in Chinese)

[26]张玉书,米娜.土壤水分胁迫对玉米生长发育的影响研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):1-7.

Zhang Y S,Mi N.Influences of soil water stress on growth and development of maize[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(3):1-7.(in Chinese)