中国三大灌区参考作物蒸散量温度法模型的修订与适应性评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高中国三大灌区（都江堰灌区、河套灌区和淠史杭灌区）参考作物蒸散量（reference crop evapotranspiration，ET 0 ）温度法的计算精度，选取 8 个代表性站点 1961-2014 年逐日气象资料，采用 Irmark-Allen（IA）、Hargreaves and Samani（HS）、Turc（Tur）、McCloud（MC）、Schendel（Sch）、Trajkovic （Tra）、Droogres and Allen?1（DA-1）和 Droogres and Allen?2（DA-2）共 8 种温度法计算 ET 0 ，以 FAO-56 Penman-Monteith（PM）法计算结果为标准，基于各方法计算的 ET 0 日值线性回归方程（y=kx+b），分别在都江堰灌区选取 IA 法和 Tra 法，河套灌区选取 HS 法、DA-1 法和 DA-2 法，淠史杭灌区选取 IA 法、 HS 法、DA-1 法和 DA-2 法，引入调差参数对模型进行修订，利用均方根误差（RMSE）、平均相对误差（MRE）和 Nash-Sutcliffe 系数（NS）对其适应性进行评价。结果表明：都江堰灌区和淠史杭灌区所选模型修订后计算精度均有明显提高，河套灌区提高不明显；都江堰灌区 IA 修订模型（IA-Du 法）在该灌区计算精度最高，其日值、旬值的 RMSE、MRE 和 NS 分别为 0.318mm·d-1 、0.120 和 0.923，0.201mm·d-1 、 0.093 和 0.959，且在不同月份均有较高计算精度；河套灌区计算精度最高模型为 HS 法，其日值、旬值的 RMSE、MRE 和 NS 分别为 0.898mm·d-1 、0.326 和 0.785，0.547mm·d-1 、0.223 和 0.904，且在 1-5 月和 10-12 月具有较高计算精度；淠史杭灌区 IA 修订模型（IA -Pi 法）在该灌区计算精度最高，其日值、旬值的 RMSE、MRE 和 NS 分别为 0.534mm·d -1 、0.195 和 0.861，0.390mm·d -1 、0.167 和 0.896，且在不同月份均具有较高计算精度。因此，推荐 IA -Du 法、HS 法和 IA -Pi 法分别作为都江堰灌区、河套灌区和淠史杭灌区计算参考作物蒸散量的方法。

关键词: 参考作物蒸散量, 温度法, 适应性评价, 都江堰灌区, 河套灌区, 淠史杭灌区

Abstract: Dujiangyan irrigation district, Hetao irrigation district and Pishihang irrigation district are the largest irrigation districts in China. In order to improve the calculation precision of reference crop evapotranspiration(ET 0 ) based on temperature-based methods in the three irrigation districts of China, this paper used FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM) method and 8 temperature-based methods of Irmark-Allen (IA), Hargreaves-Samani (HS),Turc (Tur), McCloud (MC), Schendel (Sch), Trajkovic (Tra), Droogres-Allen-1 (DA-1) and Droogres-Allen-2 (DA-2) to calculate ET 0 based on the daily meteorological data of 8 representative stations from 1961 to 2014, and used the results of the PM method as the standard. Based on the equation of linear regression(y=kx+b) of daily ET 0 calculated by 8 temperature-based methods and PM method, this paper selected IA method and Tra method in Dujiangyan irrigation district, selected HS method, DA-1 method and DA-2 method in Hetao irrigation district, selected IA method,HS method, DA-1 method and DA-2 method in Pishihang irrigation district. And those methods selected in each irrigation district were revised by introducing adjustment parameter. And then root mean square error (RMSE), mean relative error (MRE) and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) were used to evaluate the adaptability. The results showed that the calculation precision of the revised methods selected in Dujiangyan irrigation district and Pishihang irrigation district were improved significantly. While the calculation precision of the revised methods selected in Hetao irrigation district were not improved significantly. The reviseded IA method (IA -Du method) in Dujiangyan irrigation district had the highest calculation precision. The daily values of RMSE, MRE and NS of IA -Du method were 0.318mm·d-1 , 0.120 and 0.923, and the average values of ten days were 0.201mm·d-1 , 0.093 and 0.959. Meanwhile the calculation precisions of IA -Du method in all months were high. HS method in Hetao irrigation district had the highest calculation precision. The daily values of RMSE, MRE and NS of HS method were 0.898mm·d-1 , 0.326 and 0.785, and the average values of ten days were 0.547mm·d-1 , 0.223 and 0.904. And HS method has high calculation precision in Jan. to May and Oct. to Dec. The revised IA method (IA-Pi method) in Pishihang irrigation district had the highest calculation precision. The daily values of RMSE, MRE and NS of IA-Pi method were 0.534mm·d ?1 , 0.195 and 0.861, and the average values of ten days were 0.390mm·d ?1 , 0.167 and 0.896. Meanwhile the calculation precisions of IA-Pi method in all months were high. Therefore, IA -Du method, HS method and IA-Pi method were recommended as the temperature-based method for calculating ET 0 in Dujiangyan irrigation district, Hetao irrigation districtand and in Pishihang irrigation district respectively.

Key words: Reference crop evapotranspiration, Temperature-based methods, Adaptability evaluation, Dujiangyan irrigation district, Hetao irrigation district, Pishihang irrigation district

杨永刚，崔宁博，胡笑涛，龚道枝，李晨，贾悦. 中国三大灌区参考作物蒸散量温度法模型的修订与适应性评价[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(06): 357-369.

YANG Yong-gang, CUI Ning-bo, HU Xiao-tao, GONG Dao-zhi, LI Chen, JIA Yue. Revision and Adaptability Evaluation of Temperature-based Methods for Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in the Three Irrigation Districts of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(06): 357-369.

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