施硅对夜间增温条件下水稻生长和产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过大田试验研究了施硅对夜间增温条件下水稻分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期植株分蘖数、叶面积指数、生物量和产量的影响。夜间增温设常温对照（CK）和夜间增温（NW）两个水平；施硅量设不施硅（Si0）和施钢渣硅肥（Si1，200kgSiO2·hm-2）两个水平。结果表明：（1）水稻冠层和5cm土层全生育期夜间增温处理平均温度分别提高1.21℃和0.41℃，夜间最低温度分别提高1.21℃和0.62℃，夜间最高温度分别提高1.20℃和0.28℃。（2）夜间增温使水稻成熟期植株分蘖数、叶面积指数、地上部生物量、地下部生物量和产量较对照分别减少10.81%、5.65%、8.20%、3.29%和4.45%；施钢渣硅肥可使各项指标较对照分别增加16.22%、11.18%、14.16%、6.51%和22.10%；夜间增温下施硅比不施硅各项指标分别增加16.67%、11.71%、12.56%、6.74%和20.90%。（3）与对照相比，夜间增温使水稻有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重和结实率分别减少2.66%、12.72%、1.53%和2.06%；施用钢渣硅肥可分别较对照增加6.91%、15.49%、2.00%和4.48%；夜间增温下施硅比不施硅各项指标分别增加4.37%、22.50%、2.15%和3.31%。研究认为，施硅对夜间增温条件下水稻生长有显著影响，对产量的影响主要通过影响有效穗数和每穗实粒数实现。

关键词: 夜间增温, 施硅, 水稻, 生物量, 每穗实粒数, 硅肥

Abstract: Field experiment with rice was conducted to investigate the effects of silicate (Si) supply on tiller number, leaf area index, biomass and yield at tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage, filling stage and maturity stage under nighttime warming. The experiment was designed with two nighttime warming levels, i.e. nighttime warming (NW) and control (CK, ambient temperature), and two Si supply levels, i.e. control (Si0) and Si1 (slag fertilizer, 200kgSiO2·ha-1). The results showed that, (1) nighttime warming increased the average temperature on rice canopy and at 5cm depth soil by 1.21℃ and 0.41℃,the lowest temperature by 1.21℃ and 0.62℃, and the highest temperature by 1.20℃ and 0.28℃, respectively, at night (19：00-6：00) during entire rice growth period. (2) Nighttime warming decreased tiller number, leaf area index, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and yield by 10.81%, 5.65%, 8.20%, 3.29% and 4.45%, respectively. Silicate application increased the above indicators by 16.22%, 11.18%, 14.16%, 6.51% and 22.10%, respectively, and increased the above indicators by 16.67%, 11.71%, 12.56% and 20.90% under nighttime warming. (3)Nighttime warming decreased effective panicles, filled grain numbers per panicle, 1000-seedweight and maturing rate by 2.66%, 12.72%, 1.53% and 2.06%, respectively; silicate application increased the above indicators by 6.91%, 15.49%, 2.00% and 4.48%, respectively, silicate application increased the above indicators by 4.37%, 22.50%, 2.15% and 3.31%, respectively, under nighttime warming. It is suggested that silicate application had significant effects on rice growth and grain yield, mainly concerned with effective panicles and filled grain numbers per panicle.

Key words: Nighttime warming, Silicate application, Rice, Biomass, Filled grain numbers per panicle, Si fertilizer

郑泽华，娄运生，左慧婷，石一凡，王颖. 施硅对夜间增温条件下水稻生长和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(06): 390-397.

ZHENG Ze-hua, LOU Yun-sheng, ZUO Hui-ting, SHI Yi-fan, WANG Ying. Effect of Silicate Application on Hybrid Rice Growth and Yield under Nighttime Warming [J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(06): 390-397.

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