温度和二氧化碳浓度升高对青稞生长的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2018.09.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用开顶式气室（OTC）模拟温度和二氧化碳（CO2）浓度升高的生长环境，以模拟大田环境为对照（CK），通过大田原位模拟试验对“藏青2000”青稞品种在增温2℃（T2）、增温4℃（T4）和增温2℃同时增加CO2浓度100μL·L-1（T2+CO2）环境下进行观测，分析气候变化环境下青稞的生育期、光合作用、农艺性状及其耕层土壤养分的变化。结果表明：增温处理（T2、T4、T2+CO2）下青稞的生育期缩短5～7d。其中，T4处理的生育期最短，为92d，T2和T2+CO2处理为94d。增温处理中青稞叶片光合作用降低，其净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）均显著低于CK。增温处理使土壤耕层有机质和速效钾含量显著降低，速效磷含量提高。与CK相比，T2、T4和T2+CO2各处理青稞产量分别下降31.4%、46.9%和39.4%；增温2℃使青稞农艺性状（株高、干物质量、穗长）有所提高，在增温的基础上增加CO2浓度对青稞的影响并不显著，增温4℃严重影响青稞的正常生长和产量。

关键词: 气候变暖, 开顶式气室（OTC）, 温度升高, 增温2℃, 增温4℃, CO2浓度升高, 青稞, 西藏

Abstract: Using open?top air chamber (OTC) to simulate the growth environment with elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2)concentration, and taking simulated field environment as control (CK), through field in-situ simulation experiments, highland barley variety “Zang Qing2000” was observed under the environment of increasing temperature by 2℃(T2), 4℃ (T4)and 2℃ and increasing CO2 concentration by 100μL·L-1(T2+CO2), and the changes of growth period, photosynthesis, agronomic traits and soil nutrients in the tillage layer of highland barley under climate change environment were analyzed. The results showed that the growth period of highland barley was shortened by 5-7 days under the warming treatment (T2, T4, T2+CO2). Among them, T4 treatment had the shortest growth period of 92d, and T2 and T2+CO2 treatment had 94d. Photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (GS) of highland barley leaves decreased significantly compared with CK during the warming treatment. Warming treatment significantly reduced the content of organic matter and available potassium and increased the content of available phosphorus in the soil tillage layer. Compared with CK, the yields of highland barley in T2, T4 and T2+CO2 treatments decreased by 31.4 %, 46.9 % and 39.4%, respectively. Raising the temperature by 2℃ can improve the agronomic traits(plant height, dry matter quality and ear length) of highland barley, but increasing CO2 concentration on the basis of raising the temperature has no significant effect on highland barley, and raising the temperature by 4℃ will seriously affect the normal growth and yield of highland barley.

Key words: Climate warming, Open top air chamber(OTC), Temperature rising, Increasing temperature 2℃, Increasing temperature 4℃, CO2 concentration increasing, Highland barley, Tibet

刘国一，谢永春，侯亚红，李雪，张华国，万运帆. 温度和二氧化碳浓度升高对青稞生长的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2018, 39(09): 567-574.

LIU Guo-yi, XIE Yong-chun, HOU Ya-hong, LI Xue, ZHANG Hua-guo, WAN Yun-fan. Effects of Elevated Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration on the Growth of Highland Barley[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2018, 39(09): 567-574.

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