DEM空间尺度对可照时数模拟结果的影响 ——以浙江省仙居县为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以浙江省仙居县为实验区，基于4种不同空间分辨率DEM提取相关地形因子，结合可照时数分布式模型，利用数字地形分析和空间数据叠置分析等方法，模拟1月和7月4种空间分辨率下的可照时数，并定量分析DEM尺度效应对模拟结果的影响。结果表明：（1）模拟结果的空间异质性随分辨率减小而减小，其平均值逐渐增加，且1月增幅大于7月，最大值随分辨率的变化不大，而最小值差异较大，标准差逐渐减小。（2）受海拔和地形遮蔽影响，平地和山脊处可照时数最多，海拔200-400m区间最少，400-1100m区域可照时数随海拔增加而增加。以10m分辨率结果为参照，30m、90m和900m分辨率下的差值随分辨率减小而增加，海拔<100m处差值最小，700-900m区域差值最大，1月日均多算0.7、1.4和2.9h，7月日均多算0.5、0.9和2.3h。（3）坡度0-55°范围内，可照时数随坡度增加而减少，30m、90m和900m分辨率与10m分辨率的差值随分辨率降低而增加，且最小差值均在<5°区域，最大差值在不同坡度等级，1月日均多算2.1、1.8和1.7h，而7月日均多算0.3、0.6和1.2h。（4）受太阳高度角和方位角影响，可照时数在南坡-北坡间的差异较大，东南-西南坡、东坡-西坡以及东北-西北坡之间差异较小，30m、90m和900m分辨率与10m分辨率的差值随分辨率降低而增加，在偏北坡，1月差值大于7月，最大差值在1月的北坡上，日均多算1.4、2.5和4.8h，在偏南坡上，1月差值小于7月，最大差值在7月的南坡或西南坡上，日均多算0.5、0.9和2.1h。

关键词: 山地, 可照时数, 数字高程模型, 尺度效应, 空间分布

Abstract:

To analyze the effects of DEM with different spatial resolution on the numerical simulation of Duration of Possible Sunshine (DPS) based on DEM, Xianju County in Zhejiang Province was selected as the study area. DEM data with four spatial resolutions (10m, 30m, 90m, and 900m) derived from 1:10000 digital topographic map, ASTER GDEM, SRTM and GTOPO30′, respectively were used in this study. The topographic factors of altitude, slope, aspect, etc were derived from DEM. Using digital terrain analysis and spatial analysis for topographic factors and the distributed statistical model of DPS in GIS platform, this paper simulated the spatial distribution of DPS with four spatial resolutions in January and July. Then the effect of DEM scale on DPS simulation was analyzed. The results showed that spatial heterogeneity of DPS decreased as the spatial resolution decreased. Spatial distribution characteristics of DPS with topographic factors became increasingly hard to identify. The spatial data statistics showed that the average value increased with decreasing spatial resolution, while the standard deviation decreased. The maximum value varied little with spatial resolution, but the minimum value was quite different. Affected by altitude and other topographical factors, DPS was longest on flat and mountain ridges, while it was shortest in the region distributed at altitudes from 200?400m above sea-level. Moreover, it increased with the increasing altitude from 400-1100m above sea-level. Taking the DPS with 10m resolution as reference, the difference between the DPS with the other three spatial resolutions and the DPS with 10m resolution increased with the decrease of resolution. The minimum was at an altitude of <100m. The greatest differences were concentrated in the region of 700-900m. The average daily DPS in January were about 0.7h, 1.4h, and 2.9h more, while the one in July were about 0.5h, 0.9h, and 2.3h more. The DPS decreased with the increase of slope when the slope was in the range of 0-55°. The difference between the DPS with three spatial resolutions (30m, 90m, and 900m) and the reference value with 10m resolution increased with the decrease of resolution. The minimum all appeared in the flat region of slope 0-5°. The maximum occurred in the area with a steeper slope. The average daily DPS in January were about 2.1h, 1.8h, and 1.7h more, while the one in July were about 0.3h, 0.6h, and 1.2h more. Due to the effect of sloar altitude and azimuth angle, there was a great DPS differences between the south slope and the north slope. While the differences between SE slope and SW slope, E slope and W slope, NE slope and NW slope were smaller. The DPS differences with the reference value in all slopes increased with the decrease of resolution. In the northern slope (N, NE, and NW slopes), the difference in January was greater than that in July. The maximum occurred in the northern (N slope) slope of January. The average daily DPS were about 1.4h, 2.5h, and 4.8h more. In the southern slope (S, SE, and SW slopes), the difference in January was less than that in July. The maximum occurred in the southern slope (S or SW slope) of July. The average daily DPS were about 0.5h, 0.9h, and 2.1h more.

Key words: Mountain area, Duration of possible sunshine, Digital elevation model, Scale effect, Spatial distribution

李军，王超，赵玉竹. DEM空间尺度对可照时数模拟结果的影响 ——以浙江省仙居县为例[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(04): 250-259.

LI Jun，WANG Chao，ZHAO Yu-zhu. Effect of Spatial Scale of DEM on Spatial Simulation of Duration of Possible Sunshine: A Case Study in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(04): 250-259.

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