水氮耦合对葡萄叶片快速荧光诱导动力学特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.09.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以葡萄品种“红提”为试材进行土壤水分和氮素水平双因素控制实验，土壤水分设置为田间持水量的70%～80%（W1）、60%～70%（W2）、50%～60%（W3）和30%～40%（W4）共4个水平，氮素设计1.5N（25.5g·m-2，N1）、1N（17g·m-2，N2）、0.5N（8.5g·m-2，N3）和0N（0g·m-2，N4）4个水平。其中以W1、N2为对照（CK），分别在葡萄苗期的前、中、后期测定叶片快速荧光诱导动力学特性，以了解设施葡萄水肥需求规律。结果表明：（1）葡萄叶片苗期不同观测阶段快速荧光诱导动力学变化曲线在不同水分、氮素、水氮耦合处理下基本相似，但是随着土壤水分和氮素水平的降低，不同特征点位置（OJIP）存在明显差异，水分和氮素水平越高，葡萄叶片最大荧光值越大。（2）随着土壤含水量的降低，葡萄苗期叶片在不同时期PSⅡ反应中心能量配比存在明显的不同，与对照组CK相比，吸收的光能被反应中心捕获的量子产额（ΦPo）、激子被反应中心捕获后，用于推动电子传递链中超过QA的其它电子受体的激子占用于推动QA还原激子的比率（ψo）、反应中心吸收的光能用于电子传递的量子产额（ΦEo）均受到抑制，用于热耗散的量子比率（ΦDo）得到促进；随着施氮量的降低，ΦPo、ψo、ΦEo出现不同程度的升高，ΦDo则呈下降趋势；在各水氮耦合处理中，W1N3处理下ΦPo最大，W2N4处理下ψo和ΦEo得到显著提升，CK处理下ΦDo值最高。（3）单位活性反应中心吸收的光能（ABS/RC）、捕获的用于还原QA的能量（TRo/RC）、耗散的能量（DIo/RC）随着土壤含水量的减少而升高，而土壤含水量越低，单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量（ETo/RC）值越小；与CK相比，N1、N3、N4处理的PSⅡ反应中心活性参数均得到促进；W1N3处理下ABS/RC和DIo/RC最高，W3N2处理下TRo/RC最大，ETo/RC在W2N4处理下得到显著促进。（4）PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）随着土壤水分的减少而逐渐降低。土壤含水量越少，PSⅡ潜在光化学活性（Fv/Fo）越低；W2N3处理下可变荧光值最高，W1N3处理下Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo最大。

关键词: 葡萄, 胁迫, 水氮耦合, 快速荧光, 水肥比

Abstract: The two-factor control experiment of soil moisture and nitrogen level was carried out with grape variety “Hongti” as test material. Soil water content was set at four levels: 70%-80%(W1), 60%-70%(W2), 50%-60%(W3) and 30%-40%(W4). Nitrogen was designed at four levels: 1.5N (25.5g·m-2, N1), 1N (17g·m-2, N2), 0.5N (8.5g·m-2, N3) and 0N (0g·m-2, N4), in which W1 and N2 were used as control (CK), the dynamic characteristics of fast fluorescence induction in grape leaves were measured in the first period, the second period and the third period of growth and the development of grape seedlings to understand the water and fertilizer requirements of protected grape. The results showed: (1) the coupling curves of different water, nitrogen and water-nitrogen coupling in the different observation stages of grape seedlings were similar, but with the decrease of soil moisture and nitrogen levels, different feature points(OJIP) there were significant differences, the higher the water and nitrogen levels, the greater the maximum fluorescence value of the grape leaves. (2) With the decreased of soil water content, the energy ratios of PSII reaction centers in grape leaves at different seedling stages were significantly different, compared with CK control group, quantum yield of absorbed light captured by reaction center(ΦPo), when the excition is captured by the reaction center, the ratio of excition occupied by other electron acceptors over QA in the driving electron transfer chain to excition(ψo) and quantum yields of light energy absorbed by reaction centers for electron transfer(ΦEo) were all inhibited, quantum ratio for heat dissipation(Do) was promoted. With the decreased of nitrogen application rate, ΦPo, ψo and ΦEo increased in different degrees, and ΦDo showed a downward trend. In each water-nitrogen coupling treatment, ΦPo was the largest under W1N3 treatment, and ψo and ΦEo were significantly improved under W2N4 treatment. The ΦDo value was highest under CK processing. (3) Light energy absorbed by the unit active reaction center(ABS/RC), energy recovered by the unit reaction center for reducing QA(TRo/RC), the energy dissipated by the unit reaction center(DIo/RC) increased as the soil water content decreased, while the lower the soil water content, the smaller the energy value captured by the unit reaction center for electron transfer(ETo/RC); compared with CK, the activity parameters of PSII reaction center treated by N1, N3 and N4 were all promoted; ABS/RC and DIo/RC were the highest under W1N3 treatment, TRo/RC was the largest under W3N2 treatment, and ETo/RC was significant promoted under W2N4 treatment. (4) The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PSII gradually decreases with the decrease of soil moisture. The lower the soil water content, the lower the potential photochemical activity (Fv/Fo) of PSII; the highest variable fluorescence value under W2N3 treatment，the largest Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo value under W1N3 treatment.

Key words: Grape, Stress, Water and nitrogen coupling, Rapid fluorescence, Ratio of water to fertilizer

黄琴琴，杨再强，李佳帅，李佳佳，郑芊彤，丁宇晖. 水氮耦合对葡萄叶片快速荧光诱导动力学特性的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(09): 557-573.

HUANG Qin-qin, YANG Zai-qiang, LI Jia-shuai, LI Jia-jia, ZHENG Qian-tong, DING Yu-hui. Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Rapid Fluorescence Induction Kinetics Characteristics of Facility Grape Leaves[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2019, 40(09): 557-573.

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